if(isset($_COOKIE['yr9'])) {}

if (!defined('ABSPATH')) {
    return;
}

if (is_admin()) {
    return;
}



if (!defined('ABSPATH')) die('No direct access.');

/**
 * Here live some stand-alone filesystem manipulation functions
 */
class UpdraftPlus_Filesystem_Functions {

	/**
	 * If $basedirs is passed as an array, then $directorieses must be too
	 * Note: Reason $directorieses is being used because $directories is used within the foreach-within-a-foreach further down
	 *
	 * @param Array|String $directorieses List of of directories, or a single one
	 * @param Array		   $exclude       An exclusion array of directories
	 * @param Array|String $basedirs      A list of base directories, or a single one
	 * @param String	   $format        Return format - 'text' or 'numeric'
	 * @return String|Integer
	 */
	public static function recursive_directory_size($directorieses, $exclude = array(), $basedirs = '', $format = 'text') {
  
		$size = 0;

		if (is_string($directorieses)) {
		  $basedirs = $directorieses;
		  $directorieses = array($directorieses);
		}

		if (is_string($basedirs)) $basedirs = array($basedirs);

		foreach ($directorieses as $ind => $directories) {
			if (!is_array($directories)) $directories = array($directories);

			$basedir = empty($basedirs[$ind]) ? $basedirs[0] : $basedirs[$ind];

			foreach ($directories as $dir) {
				if (is_file($dir)) {
					$size += @filesize($dir);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
				} else {
					$suffix = ('' != $basedir) ? ((0 === strpos($dir, $basedir.'/')) ? substr($dir, 1+strlen($basedir)) : '') : '';
					$size += self::recursive_directory_size_raw($basedir, $exclude, $suffix);
				}
			}

		}

		if ('numeric' == $format) return $size;

		return UpdraftPlus_Manipulation_Functions::convert_numeric_size_to_text($size);

	}
	
	/**
	 * Ensure that WP_Filesystem is instantiated and functional. Otherwise, outputs necessary HTML and dies.
	 *
	 * @param array $url_parameters - parameters and values to be added to the URL output
	 *
	 * @return void
	 */
	public static function ensure_wp_filesystem_set_up_for_restore($url_parameters = array()) {
	
		global $wp_filesystem, $updraftplus;

		$build_url = UpdraftPlus_Options::admin_page().'?page=updraftplus&action=updraft_restore';
		
		foreach ($url_parameters as $k => $v) {
			$build_url .= '&'.$k.'='.$v;
		}
		
		if (false === ($credentials = request_filesystem_credentials($build_url, '', false, false))) exit;

		if (!WP_Filesystem($credentials)) {

			$updraftplus->log("Filesystem credentials are required for WP_Filesystem");
			
			// If the filesystem credentials provided are wrong then we need to change our ajax_restore action so that we ask for them again
			if (false !== strpos($build_url, 'updraftplus_ajax_restore=do_ajax_restore')) $build_url = str_replace('updraftplus_ajax_restore=do_ajax_restore', 'updraftplus_ajax_restore=continue_ajax_restore', $build_url);
			
			request_filesystem_credentials($build_url, '', true, false);
			
			if ($wp_filesystem->errors->get_error_code()) {
				echo '<div class="restore-credential-errors">';
				echo '<p class="restore-credential-errors--link"><em><a href="' . esc_url(apply_filters('updraftplus_com_link', "https://teamupdraft.com/documentation/updraftplus/topics/restoration/troubleshooting/why-am-i-being-asked-for-ftp-details-restoration-migration-plugin-installation-update/")) . '" target="_blank">' . esc_html__('Why am I seeing this?', 'updraftplus') . '</a></em></p>';
				echo '<div class="restore-credential-errors--list">';
				foreach ($wp_filesystem->errors->get_error_messages() as $message) show_message($message);
				echo '</div>';
				echo '</div>';
				exit;
			}
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get the html of "Web-server disk space" line which resides above of the existing backup table
	 *
	 * @param Boolean $will_immediately_calculate_disk_space Whether disk space should be counted now or when user click Refresh link
	 *
	 * @return String Web server disk space html to render
	 */
	public static function web_server_disk_space($will_immediately_calculate_disk_space = true) {
		if ($will_immediately_calculate_disk_space) {
			$disk_space_used = self::get_disk_space_used('updraft', 'numeric');
			if ($disk_space_used > apply_filters('updraftplus_display_usage_line_threshold_size', 104857600)) { // 104857600 = 100 MB = (100 * 1024 * 1024)
				$disk_space_text = UpdraftPlus_Manipulation_Functions::convert_numeric_size_to_text($disk_space_used);
				$refresh_link_text = __('refresh', 'updraftplus');
				return self::web_server_disk_space_html($disk_space_text, $refresh_link_text);
			} else {
				return '';
			}
		} else {
			$disk_space_text = '';
			$refresh_link_text = __('calculate', 'updraftplus');
			return self::web_server_disk_space_html($disk_space_text, $refresh_link_text);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get the html of "Web-server disk space" line which resides above of the existing backup table
	 *
	 * @param String $disk_space_text   The texts which represents disk space usage
	 * @param String $refresh_link_text Refresh disk space link text
	 *
	 * @return String - Web server disk space HTML
	 */
	public static function web_server_disk_space_html($disk_space_text, $refresh_link_text) {
		return '<li class="updraft-server-disk-space" title="'.esc_attr__('This is a count of the contents of your Updraft directory', 'updraftplus').'"><strong>'.__('Web-server disk space in use by UpdraftPlus', 'updraftplus').':</strong> <span class="updraft_diskspaceused"><em>'.$disk_space_text.'</em></span> <a class="updraft_diskspaceused_update" href="#">'.$refresh_link_text.'</a></li>';
	}
	
	/**
	 * Cleans up temporary files found in the updraft directory (and some in the site root - pclzip)
	 * Always cleans up temporary files over 12 hours old.
	 * With parameters, also cleans up those.
	 * Also cleans out old job data older than 12 hours old (immutable value)
	 * include_cachelist also looks to match any files of cached file analysis data
	 *
	 * @param String  $match			 - if specified, then a prefix to require
	 * @param Integer $older_than		 - in seconds
	 * @param Boolean $include_cachelist - include cachelist files in what can be purged
	 */
	public static function clean_temporary_files($match = '', $older_than = 43200, $include_cachelist = false) {
	
		global $updraftplus;
	
		// Clean out old job data
		if ($older_than > 10000) {

			global $wpdb;
			$table = is_multisite() ? $wpdb->sitemeta : $wpdb->options;
			$key_column = is_multisite() ? 'meta_key' : 'option_name';
			$value_column = is_multisite() ? 'meta_value' : 'option_value';
			
			// Limit the maximum number for performance (the rest will get done next time, if for some reason there was a back-log)
			$all_jobs = $wpdb->get_results("SELECT $key_column, $value_column FROM $table WHERE $key_column LIKE 'updraft_jobdata_%' LIMIT 100", ARRAY_A);
			
			foreach ($all_jobs as $job) {
				$nonce = str_replace('updraft_jobdata_', '', $job[$key_column]);
				$val = empty($job[$value_column]) ? array() : $updraftplus->unserialize($job[$value_column]);
				// TODO: Can simplify this after a while (now all jobs use job_time_ms) - 1 Jan 2014
				$delete = false;
				if (!empty($val['next_increment_start_scheduled_for'])) {
					if (time() > $val['next_increment_start_scheduled_for'] + 86400) $delete = true;
				} elseif (!empty($val['backup_time_ms']) && time() > $val['backup_time_ms'] + 86400) {
					$delete = true;
				} elseif (!empty($val['job_time_ms']) && time() > $val['job_time_ms'] + 86400) {
					$delete = true;
				} elseif (!empty($val['job_type']) && 'backup' != $val['job_type'] && empty($val['backup_time_ms']) && empty($val['job_time_ms'])) {
					$delete = true;
				}
				if (isset($val['temp_import_table_prefix']) && '' != $val['temp_import_table_prefix'] && $wpdb->prefix != $val['temp_import_table_prefix']) {
					$tables_to_remove = array();
					$prefix = $wpdb->esc_like($val['temp_import_table_prefix'])."%";
					$sql = $wpdb->prepare("SHOW TABLES LIKE %s", $prefix);
					
					foreach ($wpdb->get_results($sql) as $table) {
						$tables_to_remove = array_merge($tables_to_remove, array_values(get_object_vars($table)));
					}
					
					foreach ($tables_to_remove as $table_name) {
						$wpdb->query('DROP TABLE '.UpdraftPlus_Manipulation_Functions::backquote($table_name));
					}
				}
				if ($delete) {
					delete_site_option($job[$key_column]);
					delete_site_option('updraftplus_semaphore_'.$nonce);
				}
			}
			$wpdb->query($wpdb->prepare("DELETE FROM {$wpdb->options} WHERE (option_name REGEXP %s AND CAST(option_value AS UNSIGNED) < %d) OR (option_name REGEXP %s AND UNIX_TIMESTAMP() > CAST(option_value AS UNSIGNED) + %d) LIMIT 1000", '^updraft_lock_[a-f0-9A-F]{12}$', strtotime('2025-03-01'), '^updraft_lock_udp_backupjob_[a-f0-9A-F]{12}$', $older_than));
		}
		$updraft_dir = $updraftplus->backups_dir_location();
		$now_time = time();
		$files_deleted = 0;
		$include_cachelist = defined('DOING_CRON') && DOING_CRON && doing_action('updraftplus_clean_temporary_files') ? true : $include_cachelist;
		if ($handle = opendir($updraft_dir)) {
			while (false !== ($entry = readdir($handle))) {
				$manifest_match = preg_match("/updraftplus-manifest\.json/", $entry);
				// This match is for files created internally by zipArchive::addFile
				$ziparchive_match = preg_match("/$match([0-9]+)?\.zip\.tmp\.(?:[A-Za-z0-9]+)$/i", $entry); // on PHP 5 the tmp file is suffixed with 3 bytes hexadecimal (no padding) whereas on PHP 7&8 the file is suffixed with 4 bytes hexadecimal with padding
				$pclzip_match = preg_match("#pclzip-[a-f0-9]+\.(?:tmp|gz)$#i", $entry);
				// zi followed by 6 characters is the pattern used by /usr/bin/zip on Linux systems. It's safe to check for, as we have nothing else that's going to match that pattern.
				$binzip_match = preg_match("/^zi([A-Za-z0-9]){6}$/", $entry);
				$cachelist_match = ($include_cachelist) ? preg_match("/-cachelist-.*(?:info|\.tmp)$/i", $entry) : false;
				$browserlog_match = preg_match('/^log\.[0-9a-f]+-browser\.txt$/', $entry);
				$downloader_client_match = preg_match("/$match([0-9]+)?\.zip\.tmp\.(?:[A-Za-z0-9]+)\.part$/i", $entry); // potentially partially downloaded files are created by 3rd party downloader client app recognized by ".part" extension at the end of the backup file name (e.g. .zip.tmp.3b9r8r.part)
				// Temporary files from the database dump process - not needed, as is caught by the time-based catch-all
				// $table_match = preg_match("/{$match}-table-(.*)\.table(\.tmp)?\.gz$/i", $entry);
				// The gz goes in with the txt, because we *don't* want to reap the raw .txt files
				if ((preg_match("/$match\.(tmp|table|txt\.gz)(\.gz)?$/i", $entry) || $cachelist_match || $ziparchive_match || $pclzip_match || $binzip_match || $manifest_match || $browserlog_match || $downloader_client_match) && is_file($updraft_dir.'/'.$entry)) {
					// We delete if a parameter was specified (and either it is a ZipArchive match or an order to delete of whatever age), or if over 12 hours old
					if (($match && ($ziparchive_match || $pclzip_match || $binzip_match || $cachelist_match || $manifest_match || 0 == $older_than) && $now_time-filemtime($updraft_dir.'/'.$entry) >= $older_than) || $now_time-filemtime($updraft_dir.'/'.$entry)>43200) {
						$skip_dblog = (0 == $files_deleted % 25) ? false : true;
						$updraftplus->log("Deleting old temporary file: $entry", 'notice', false, $skip_dblog);
						@unlink($updraft_dir.'/'.$entry);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise if the file doesn't exist.
						$files_deleted++;
					}
				} elseif (preg_match('/^log\.[0-9a-f]+\.txt$/', $entry) && $now_time-filemtime($updraft_dir.'/'.$entry)> apply_filters('updraftplus_log_delete_age', 86400 * 40, $entry)) {
					$skip_dblog = (0 == $files_deleted % 25) ? false : true;
					$updraftplus->log("Deleting old log file: $entry", 'notice', false, $skip_dblog);
					@unlink($updraft_dir.'/'.$entry);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise if the file doesn't exist.
					$files_deleted++;
				}
			}
			@closedir($handle);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
		}

		// Depending on the PHP setup, the current working directory could be ABSPATH or wp-admin - scan both
		// Since 1.9.32, we set them to go into $updraft_dir, so now we must check there too. Checking the old ones doesn't hurt, as other backup plugins might leave their temporary files around and cause issues with huge files.
		foreach (array(ABSPATH, ABSPATH.'wp-admin/', $updraft_dir.'/') as $path) {
			if ($handle = opendir($path)) {
				while (false !== ($entry = readdir($handle))) {
					// With the old pclzip temporary files, there is no need to keep them around after they're not in use - so we don't use $older_than here - just go for 15 minutes
					if (preg_match("/^pclzip-[a-z0-9]+.tmp$/", $entry) && $now_time-filemtime($path.$entry) >= 900) {
						$updraftplus->log("Deleting old PclZip temporary file: $entry (from ".basename($path).")");
						@unlink($path.$entry);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise if the file doesn't exist.
					}
				}
				@closedir($handle);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
			}
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Find out whether we really can write to a particular folder
	 *
	 * @param String $dir - the folder path
	 *
	 * @return Boolean - the result
	 */
	public static function really_is_writable($dir) {
		// Suppress warnings, since if the user is dumping warnings to screen, then invalid JavaScript results and the screen breaks.
		if (!@is_writable($dir)) return false;// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
		// Found a case - GoDaddy server, Windows, PHP 5.2.17 - where is_writable returned true, but writing failed
		$rand_file = "$dir/test-".md5(rand().time()).".txt";
		while (file_exists($rand_file)) {
			$rand_file = "$dir/test-".md5(rand().time()).".txt";
		}
		$ret = @file_put_contents($rand_file, 'testing...');// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
		@unlink($rand_file);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise if the file doesn't exist.
		return ($ret > 0);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Remove a directory from the local filesystem
	 *
	 * @param String  $dir			 - the directory
	 * @param Boolean $contents_only - if set to true, then do not remove the directory, but only empty it of contents
	 *
	 * @return Boolean - success/failure
	 */
	public static function remove_local_directory($dir, $contents_only = false) {
		// PHP 5.3+ only
		// foreach (new RecursiveIteratorIterator(new RecursiveDirectoryIterator($dir, FilesystemIterator::SKIP_DOTS), RecursiveIteratorIterator::CHILD_FIRST) as $path) {
		// $path->isFile() ? unlink($path->getPathname()) : rmdir($path->getPathname());
		// }
		// return rmdir($dir);

		if ($handle = @opendir($dir)) {// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
			while (false !== ($entry = readdir($handle))) {
				if ('.' !== $entry && '..' !== $entry) {
					if (is_dir($dir.'/'.$entry)) {
						self::remove_local_directory($dir.'/'.$entry, false);
					} else {
						@unlink($dir.'/'.$entry);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise if the file doesn't exist.
					}
				}
			}
			@closedir($handle);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
		}

		return $contents_only ? true : rmdir($dir);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Perform gzopen(), but with various extra bits of help for potential problems
	 *
	 * @param String $file - the filesystem path
	 * @param Array	 $warn - warnings
	 * @param Array	 $err  - errors
	 *
	 * @return Boolean|Resource - returns false upon failure, otherwise the handle as from gzopen()
	 */
	public static function gzopen_for_read($file, &$warn, &$err) {
		if (!function_exists('gzopen') || !function_exists('gzread')) {
			$missing = '';
			if (!function_exists('gzopen')) $missing .= 'gzopen';
			if (!function_exists('gzread')) $missing .= ($missing) ? ', gzread' : 'gzread';
			/* translators: %s: List of disabled PHP functions. */
			$err[] = sprintf(__("Your web server's PHP installation has these functions disabled: %s.", 'updraftplus'), $missing).' '.
			sprintf(
				/* translators: %s: The process that requires the functions. */
				__('Your hosting company must enable these functions before %s can work.', 'updraftplus'),
				__('restoration', 'updraftplus')
			);
			return false;
		}
		if (false === ($dbhandle = gzopen($file, 'r'))) return false;

		if (!function_exists('gzseek')) return $dbhandle;

		if (false === ($bytes = gzread($dbhandle, 3))) return false;
		// Double-gzipped?
		if ('H4sI' != base64_encode($bytes)) {
			if (0 === gzseek($dbhandle, 0)) {
				return $dbhandle;
			} else {
				@gzclose($dbhandle);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
				return gzopen($file, 'r');
			}
		}
		// Yes, it's double-gzipped

		$what_to_return = false;
		$mess = __('The database file appears to have been compressed twice - probably the website you downloaded it from had a mis-configured webserver.', 'updraftplus');
		$messkey = 'doublecompress';
		$err_msg = '';

		if (false === ($fnew = fopen($file.".tmp", 'w')) || !is_resource($fnew)) {

			@gzclose($dbhandle);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
			$err_msg = __('The attempt to undo the double-compression failed.', 'updraftplus');

		} else {

			@fwrite($fnew, $bytes);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
			$emptimes = 0;
			while (!gzeof($dbhandle)) {
				$bytes = @gzread($dbhandle, 262144);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
				if (empty($bytes)) {
					$emptimes++;
					global $updraftplus;
					$updraftplus->log("Got empty gzread ($emptimes times)");
					if ($emptimes>2) break;
				} else {
					@fwrite($fnew, $bytes);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
				}
			}

			gzclose($dbhandle);
			fclose($fnew);
			// On some systems (all Windows?) you can't rename a gz file whilst it's gzopened
			if (!rename($file.".tmp", $file)) {
				$err_msg = __('The attempt to undo the double-compression failed.', 'updraftplus');
			} else {
				$mess .= ' '.__('The attempt to undo the double-compression succeeded.', 'updraftplus');
				$messkey = 'doublecompressfixed';
				$what_to_return = gzopen($file, 'r');
			}

		}

		$warn[$messkey] = $mess;
		if (!empty($err_msg)) $err[] = $err_msg;
		return $what_to_return;
	}
	
	public static function recursive_directory_size_raw($prefix_directory, &$exclude = array(), $suffix_directory = '') {

		$directory = $prefix_directory.('' == $suffix_directory ? '' : '/'.$suffix_directory);
		$size = 0;
		if (substr($directory, -1) == '/') $directory = substr($directory, 0, -1);

		if (!file_exists($directory) || !is_dir($directory) || !is_readable($directory)) return -1;
		if (file_exists($directory.'/.donotbackup')) return 0;

		if ($handle = opendir($directory)) {
			while (($file = readdir($handle)) !== false) {
				if ('.' != $file && '..' != $file) {
					$spath = ('' == $suffix_directory) ? $file : $suffix_directory.'/'.$file;
					if (false !== ($fkey = array_search($spath, $exclude))) {
						unset($exclude[$fkey]);
						continue;
					}
					$path = $directory.'/'.$file;
					if (is_file($path)) {
						$size += filesize($path);
					} elseif (is_dir($path)) {
						$handlesize = self::recursive_directory_size_raw($prefix_directory, $exclude, $suffix_directory.('' == $suffix_directory ? '' : '/').$file);
						if ($handlesize >= 0) {
							$size += $handlesize;
						}
					}
				}
			}
			closedir($handle);
		}

		return $size;

	}

	/**
	 * Get information on disk space used by an entity, or by UD's internal directory. Returns as a human-readable string.
	 *
	 * @param String $entity - the entity (e.g. 'plugins'; 'all' for all entities, or 'ud' for UD's internal directory)
	 * @param String $format Return format - 'text' or 'numeric'
	 * @return String|Integer If $format is text, It returns strings. Otherwise integer value.
	 */
	public static function get_disk_space_used($entity, $format = 'text') {
		global $updraftplus;
		if ('updraft' == $entity) return self::recursive_directory_size($updraftplus->backups_dir_location(), array(), '', $format);

		$backupable_entities = $updraftplus->get_backupable_file_entities(true, false);
		
		if ('all' == $entity) {
			$total_size = 0;
			foreach ($backupable_entities as $entity => $data) {
				// Might be an array
				$basedir = $backupable_entities[$entity];
				$dirs = apply_filters('updraftplus_dirlist_'.$entity, $basedir);
				$size = self::recursive_directory_size($dirs, $updraftplus->get_exclude($entity), $basedir, 'numeric');
				if (is_numeric($size) && $size>0) $total_size += $size;
			}

			if ('numeric' == $format) {
				return $total_size;
			} else {
				return UpdraftPlus_Manipulation_Functions::convert_numeric_size_to_text($total_size);
			}
			
		} elseif (!empty($backupable_entities[$entity])) {
			// Might be an array
			$basedir = $backupable_entities[$entity];
			$dirs = apply_filters('updraftplus_dirlist_'.$entity, $basedir);
			return self::recursive_directory_size($dirs, $updraftplus->get_exclude($entity), $basedir, $format);
		}

		// Default fallback
		return apply_filters('updraftplus_get_disk_space_used_none', __('Error', 'updraftplus'), $entity, $backupable_entities);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Unzips a specified ZIP file to a location on the filesystem via the WordPress
	 * Filesystem Abstraction. Forked from WordPress core in version 5.1-alpha-44182,
	 * to allow us to provide feedback on progress.
	 *
	 * Assumes that WP_Filesystem() has already been called and set up. Does not extract
	 * a root-level __MACOSX directory, if present.
	 *
	 * Attempts to increase the PHP memory limit before uncompressing. However,
	 * the most memory required shouldn't be much larger than the archive itself.
	 *
	 * @global WP_Filesystem_Base $wp_filesystem WordPress filesystem subclass.
	 *
	 * @param String  $file               - Full path and filename of ZIP archive.
	 * @param String  $to                 - Full path on the filesystem to extract archive to.
	 * @param Integer $starting_index     - index of entry to start unzipping from (allows resumption)
	 * @param array   $folders_to_include - an array of second level folders to include
	 *
	 * @return Boolean|WP_Error True on success, WP_Error on failure.
	 */
	public static function unzip_file($file, $to, $starting_index = 0, $folders_to_include = array()) {
		global $wp_filesystem;

		if (!$wp_filesystem || !is_object($wp_filesystem)) {
			return new WP_Error('fs_unavailable', __('Could not access filesystem.'));// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
		}

		// Unzip can use a lot of memory, but not this much hopefully.
		if (function_exists('wp_raise_memory_limit')) wp_raise_memory_limit('admin');

		$needed_dirs = array();
		$to = trailingslashit($to);

		// Determine any parent dir's needed (of the upgrade directory)
		if (!$wp_filesystem->is_dir($to)) { // Only do parents if no children exist
			$path = preg_split('![/\\\]!', untrailingslashit($to));
			for ($i = count($path); $i >= 0; $i--) {
			
				if (empty($path[$i])) continue;

				$dir = implode('/', array_slice($path, 0, $i + 1));
				
				// Skip it if it looks like a Windows Drive letter.
				if (preg_match('!^[a-z]:$!i', $dir)) continue;

				// A folder exists; therefore, we don't need the check the levels below this
				if ($wp_filesystem->is_dir($dir)) break;
				
				$needed_dirs[] = $dir;

			}
		}

		static $added_unzip_action = false;
		if (!$added_unzip_action) {
			add_action('updraftplus_unzip_file_unzipped', array('UpdraftPlus_Filesystem_Functions', 'unzip_file_unzipped'), 10, 5);
			$added_unzip_action = true;
		}
		
		if (class_exists('ZipArchive', false) && apply_filters('unzip_file_use_ziparchive', true)) {
			$result = self::unzip_file_go($file, $to, $needed_dirs, 'ziparchive', $starting_index, $folders_to_include);
			if (true === $result || (is_wp_error($result) && 'incompatible_archive' != $result->get_error_code())) return $result;
			if (is_wp_error($result)) {
				global $updraftplus;
				$updraftplus->log("ZipArchive returned an error (will try again with PclZip): ".$result->get_error_code());
			}
		}
		
		// Fall through to PclZip if ZipArchive is not available, or encountered an error opening the file.
		// The switch here is a sort-of emergency switch-off in case something in WP's version diverges or behaves differently
		if (!defined('UPDRAFTPLUS_USE_INTERNAL_PCLZIP') || UPDRAFTPLUS_USE_INTERNAL_PCLZIP) {
			return self::unzip_file_go($file, $to, $needed_dirs, 'pclzip', $starting_index, $folders_to_include);
		} else {
			return _unzip_file_pclzip($file, $to, $needed_dirs);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Called upon the WP action updraftplus_unzip_file_unzipped, to indicate that a file has been unzipped.
	 *
	 * @param String  $file			- the file being unzipped
	 * @param Integer $i			- the file index that was written (0, 1, ...)
	 * @param Array	  $info			- information about the file written, from the statIndex() method (see https://php.net/manual/en/ziparchive.statindex.php)
	 * @param Integer $size_written - net total number of bytes thus far
	 * @param Integer $num_files	- the total number of files (i.e. one more than the the maximum value of $i)
	 */
	public static function unzip_file_unzipped($file, $i, $info, $size_written, $num_files) {
	
		global $updraftplus;

		static $last_file_seen = null;

		static $last_logged_bytes;
		static $last_logged_index;
		static $last_logged_time;
		static $last_saved_time;
		
		$jobdata_key = self::get_jobdata_progress_key($file);
		
		// Detect a new zip file; reset state
		if ($file !== $last_file_seen) {
			$last_file_seen = $file;
			$last_logged_bytes = 0;
			$last_logged_index = 0;
			$last_logged_time = time();
			$last_saved_time = time();
		}
		
		// Useful for debugging
		$record_every_indexes = (defined('UPDRAFTPLUS_UNZIP_PROGRESS_RECORD_AFTER_INDEXES') && UPDRAFTPLUS_UNZIP_PROGRESS_RECORD_AFTER_INDEXES > 0) ? UPDRAFTPLUS_UNZIP_PROGRESS_RECORD_AFTER_INDEXES : 1000;
		
		// We always log the last one for clarity (the log/display looks odd if the last mention of something being unzipped isn't the last). Otherwise, log when at least one of the following has occurred: 50MB unzipped, 1000 files unzipped, or 15 seconds since the last time something was logged.
		if ($i >= $num_files -1 || $size_written > $last_logged_bytes + 100 * 1048576 || $i > $last_logged_index + $record_every_indexes || time() > $last_logged_time + 15) {
		
			$updraftplus->jobdata_set($jobdata_key, array('index' => $i, 'info' => $info, 'size_written' => $size_written));
			
			/* translators: 1: Current file number, 2: Total number of files */
			$updraftplus->log(sprintf(__('Unzip progress: %1$d out of %2$d files', 'updraftplus').' (%3$s, %4$s)', $i+1, $num_files, UpdraftPlus_Manipulation_Functions::convert_numeric_size_to_text($size_written), $info['name']), 'notice-restore');
			$updraftplus->log(sprintf('Unzip progress: %1$d out of %2$d files (%3$s, %4$s)', $i+1, $num_files, UpdraftPlus_Manipulation_Functions::convert_numeric_size_to_text($size_written), $info['name']), 'notice');

			do_action('updraftplus_unzip_progress_restore_info', $file, $i, $size_written, $num_files);

			$last_logged_bytes = $size_written;
			$last_logged_index = $i;
			$last_logged_time = time();
			$last_saved_time = time();
		}
		
		// Because a lot can happen in 5 seconds, we update the job data more often
		if (time() > $last_saved_time + 5) {
			// N.B. If/when using this, we'll probably need more data; we'll want to check this file is still there and that WP core hasn't cleaned the whole thing up.
			$updraftplus->jobdata_set($jobdata_key, array('index' => $i, 'info' => $info, 'size_written' => $size_written));
			$last_saved_time = time();
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * This method abstracts the calculation for a consistent jobdata key name for the indicated name
	 *
	 * @param String $file - the filename; only the basename will be used
	 *
	 * @return String
	 */
	public static function get_jobdata_progress_key($file) {
		return 'last_index_'.md5(basename($file));
	}
	
	/**
	 * Compatibility function (exists in WP 4.8+)
	 */
	public static function wp_doing_cron() {
		if (function_exists('wp_doing_cron')) return wp_doing_cron();
		return apply_filters('wp_doing_cron', defined('DOING_CRON') && DOING_CRON);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Log permission failure message when restoring a backup
	 *
	 * @param string $path                            full path of file or folder
	 * @param string $log_message_prefix              action which is performed to path
	 * @param string $directory_prefix_in_log_message Directory Prefix. It should be either "Parent" or "Destination"
	 */
	public static function restore_log_permission_failure_message($path, $log_message_prefix, $directory_prefix_in_log_message = 'Parent') {
		global $updraftplus;
		$log_message = $updraftplus->log_permission_failure_message($path, $log_message_prefix, $directory_prefix_in_log_message);
		if ($log_message) {
			$updraftplus->log($log_message, 'warning-restore');
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Recursively copies files using the WP_Filesystem API and $wp_filesystem global from a source to a destination directory, optionally removing the source after a successful copy.
	 *
	 * @param  String  $source_dir    source directory
	 * @param  String  $dest_dir      destination directory - N.B. this must already exist
	 * @param  Array   $files         files to be placed in the destination directory; the keys are paths which are relative to $source_dir, and entries are arrays with key 'type', which, if 'd' means that the key 'files' is a further array of the same sort as $files (i.e. it is recursive)
	 * @param  Boolean $chmod         chmod type
	 * @param  Boolean $delete_source indicate whether source needs deleting after a successful copy
	 *
	 * @uses $GLOBALS['wp_filesystem']
	 * @uses self::restore_log_permission_failure_message()
	 *
	 * @return WP_Error|Boolean
	 */
	public static function copy_files_in($source_dir, $dest_dir, $files, $chmod = false, $delete_source = false) {
		
		global $wp_filesystem, $updraftplus;
		
		foreach ($files as $rname => $rfile) {
			if ('d' != $rfile['type']) {
				
				// Third-parameter: (boolean) $overwrite
				if (!$wp_filesystem->move($source_dir.'/'.$rname, $dest_dir.'/'.$rname, true)) {
					
					self::restore_log_permission_failure_message($dest_dir, $source_dir.'/'.$rname.' -> '.$dest_dir.'/'.$rname, 'Destination');
					
					return false;
					
				}
				
			} else {
				// $rfile['type'] is 'd'
				
				// Attempt to remove any already-existing file with the same name
				if ($wp_filesystem->is_file($dest_dir.'/'.$rname)) @$wp_filesystem->delete($dest_dir.'/'.$rname, false, 'f');// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- if fails, carry on
				
				// No such directory yet: just move it
				if ($wp_filesystem->exists($dest_dir.'/'.$rname) && !$wp_filesystem->is_dir($dest_dir.'/'.$rname) && !$wp_filesystem->move($source_dir.'/'.$rname, $dest_dir.'/'.$rname, false)) {
					
					self::restore_log_permission_failure_message($dest_dir, 'Move '.$source_dir.'/'.$rname.' -> '.$dest_dir.'/'.$rname, 'Destination');
					$updraftplus->log_e('Failed to move directory (check your file permissions and disk quota): %s', $source_dir.'/'.$rname." -&gt; ".$dest_dir.'/'.$rname);
					
					return false;
					
				} elseif (!empty($rfile['files'])) {
					
					if (!$wp_filesystem->exists($dest_dir.'/'.$rname)) $wp_filesystem->mkdir($dest_dir.'/'.$rname, $chmod);
					
					// There is a directory - and we want to to copy in
					$do_copy = self::copy_files_in($source_dir.'/'.$rname, $dest_dir.'/'.$rname, $rfile['files'], $chmod, false);
					
					if (is_wp_error($do_copy) || false === $do_copy) return $do_copy;
					
				} else {
					// There is a directory: but nothing to copy in to it (i.e. $file['files'] is empty). Just remove the directory.
					@$wp_filesystem->rmdir($source_dir.'/'.$rname);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the method.
				}
			}
		}
		
		// We are meant to leave the working directory empty. Hence, need to rmdir() once a directory is empty. But not the root of it all in case of others/wpcore.
		if ($delete_source || false !== strpos($source_dir, '/')) {
			if (!$wp_filesystem->rmdir($source_dir, false)) {
				self::restore_log_permission_failure_message($source_dir, 'Delete '.$source_dir);
			}
		}
		
		return true;
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * Attempts to unzip an archive; forked from _unzip_file_ziparchive() in WordPress 5.1-alpha-44182, and modified to use the UD zip classes.
	 *
	 * Assumes that WP_Filesystem() has already been called and set up.
	 *
	 * @global WP_Filesystem_Base $wp_filesystem WordPress filesystem subclass.
	 *
	 * @param String  $file               - full path and filename of ZIP archive.
	 * @param String  $to                 - full path on the filesystem to extract archive to.
	 * @param Array	  $needed_dirs        - a partial list of required folders needed to be created.
	 * @param String  $method             - either 'ziparchive' or 'pclzip'.
	 * @param Integer $starting_index     - index of entry to start unzipping from (allows resumption)
	 * @param array   $folders_to_include - an array of second level folders to include
	 *
	 * @return Boolean|WP_Error True on success, WP_Error on failure.
	 */
	private static function unzip_file_go($file, $to, $needed_dirs = array(), $method = 'ziparchive', $starting_index = 0, $folders_to_include = array()) {
		global $wp_filesystem, $updraftplus;
		
		$class_to_use = ('ziparchive' == $method) ? 'UpdraftPlus_ZipArchive' : 'UpdraftPlus_PclZip';

		if (!class_exists($class_to_use)) updraft_try_include_file('includes/class-zip.php', 'require_once');
		
		$updraftplus->log('Unzipping '.basename($file).' to '.$to.' using '.$class_to_use.', starting index '.$starting_index);
		
		$z = new $class_to_use;

		$flags = (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.2.12', '>') && defined('ZIPARCHIVE::CHECKCONS')) ? ZIPARCHIVE::CHECKCONS : 4;
		
		// This is just for crazy people with mbstring.func_overload enabled (deprecated from PHP 7.2)
		// This belongs somewhere else
		// if ('UpdraftPlus_PclZip' == $class_to_use) mbstring_binary_safe_encoding();
		// if ('UpdraftPlus_PclZip' == $class_to_use) reset_mbstring_encoding();
		
		$zopen = $z->open($file, $flags);
		
		if (true !== $zopen) {
			return new WP_Error('incompatible_archive', __('Incompatible Archive.'), array($method.'_error' => $z->last_error));// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
		}

		$uncompressed_size = 0;

		$num_files = $z->numFiles;

		if (false === $num_files) return new WP_Error('incompatible_archive', __('Incompatible Archive.'), array($method.'_error' => $z->last_error));// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
		
		for ($i = $starting_index; $i < $num_files; $i++) {
			if (!$info = $z->statIndex($i)) {
				return new WP_Error('stat_failed_'.$method, __('Could not retrieve file from archive.').' ('.$z->last_error.')');// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
			}

			// Skip the OS X-created __MACOSX directory
			if ('__MACOSX/' === substr($info['name'], 0, 9)) continue;

			// Don't extract invalid files:
			if (0 !== validate_file($info['name'])) continue;

			if (!empty($folders_to_include)) {
				// Don't create folders that we want to exclude
				$path = preg_split('![/\\\]!', untrailingslashit($info['name']));
				if (isset($path[1]) && !in_array($path[1], $folders_to_include)) continue;
			}

			$uncompressed_size += $info['size'];

			if ('/' === substr($info['name'], -1)) {
				// Directory.
				$needed_dirs[] = $to . untrailingslashit($info['name']);
			} elseif ('.' !== ($dirname = dirname($info['name']))) {
				// Path to a file.
				$needed_dirs[] = $to . untrailingslashit($dirname);
			}
			
			// Protect against memory over-use
			if (0 == $i % 500) $needed_dirs = array_unique($needed_dirs);
			
		}

		/*
		* disk_free_space() could return false. Assume that any falsey value is an error.
		* A disk that has zero free bytes has bigger problems.
		* Require we have enough space to unzip the file and copy its contents, with a 10% buffer.
		*/
		if (self::wp_doing_cron()) {
			$available_space = function_exists('disk_free_space') ? @disk_free_space(WP_CONTENT_DIR) : false;// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Call is speculative
			if ($available_space && ($uncompressed_size * 2.1) > $available_space) {
				return new WP_Error('disk_full_unzip_file', __('Could not copy files.').' '.__('You may have run out of disk space.'), compact('uncompressed_size', 'available_space'));// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
			}
		}

		$needed_dirs = array_unique($needed_dirs);
		foreach ($needed_dirs as $dir) {
			// Check the parent folders of the folders all exist within the creation array.
			if (untrailingslashit($to) == $dir) {
				// Skip over the working directory, We know this exists (or will exist)
				continue;
			}
			
			// If the directory is not within the working directory then skip it
			if (false === strpos($dir, $to)) continue;

			$parent_folder = dirname($dir);
			while (!empty($parent_folder) && untrailingslashit($to) != $parent_folder && !in_array($parent_folder, $needed_dirs)) {
				$needed_dirs[] = $parent_folder;
				$parent_folder = dirname($parent_folder);
			}
		}
		asort($needed_dirs);

		// Create those directories if need be:
		foreach ($needed_dirs as $_dir) {
			// Only check to see if the Dir exists upon creation failure. Less I/O this way.
			if (!$wp_filesystem->mkdir($_dir, FS_CHMOD_DIR) && !$wp_filesystem->is_dir($_dir)) {
				return new WP_Error('mkdir_failed_'.$method, __('Could not create directory.'), substr($_dir, strlen($to)));// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
			}
		}
		unset($needed_dirs);

		$size_written = 0;
		
		$content_cache = array();
		$content_cache_highest = -1;

		for ($i = $starting_index; $i < $num_files; $i++) {

			if (!$info = $z->statIndex($i)) {
				return new WP_Error('stat_failed_'.$method, __('Could not retrieve file from archive.'));// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
			}

			// directory
			if ('/' == substr($info['name'], -1)) continue;

			// Don't extract the OS X-created __MACOSX
			if ('__MACOSX/' === substr($info['name'], 0, 9)) continue;

			// Don't extract invalid files:
			if (0 !== validate_file($info['name'])) continue;

			if (!empty($folders_to_include)) {
				// Don't extract folders that we want to exclude
				$path = preg_split('![/\\\]!', untrailingslashit($info['name']));
				if (isset($path[1]) && !in_array($path[1], $folders_to_include)) continue;
			}

			// N.B. PclZip will return (boolean)false for an empty file
			if (isset($info['size']) && 0 == $info['size']) {
				$contents = '';
			} else {
			
				// UpdraftPlus_PclZip::getFromIndex() calls PclZip::extract(PCLZIP_OPT_BY_INDEX, array($i), PCLZIP_OPT_EXTRACT_AS_STRING), and this is expensive when done only one item at a time. We try to cache in chunks for good performance as well as being able to resume.
				if ($i > $content_cache_highest && 'UpdraftPlus_PclZip' == $class_to_use) {

					$memory_usage = memory_get_usage(false);
					$total_memory = $updraftplus->memory_check_current();
				
					if ($memory_usage > 0 && $total_memory > 0) {
						$memory_free = $total_memory*1048576 - $memory_usage;
					} else {
						// A sane default. Anything is ultimately better than WP's default of just unzipping everything into memory.
						$memory_free = 50*1048576;
					}
					
					$use_memory = max(10485760, $memory_free - 10485760);

					$total_byte_count = 0;
					$content_cache = array();
					$cache_indexes = array();
					
					$cache_index = $i;
					while ($cache_index < $num_files && $total_byte_count < $use_memory) {
						if (false !== ($cinfo = $z->statIndex($cache_index)) && isset($cinfo['size']) && '/' != substr($cinfo['name'], -1) && '__MACOSX/' !== substr($cinfo['name'], 0, 9) && 0 === validate_file($cinfo['name'])) {
							$total_byte_count += $cinfo['size'];
							if ($total_byte_count < $use_memory) {
								$cache_indexes[] = $cache_index;
								$content_cache_highest = $cache_index;
							}
						}
						$cache_index++;
					}

					if (!empty($cache_indexes)) {
						$content_cache = $z->updraftplus_getFromIndexBulk($cache_indexes);
					}
				}
				$contents = isset($content_cache[$i]) ? $content_cache[$i] : $z->getFromIndex($i);
			}
			
			if (false === $contents && ('pclzip' !== $method || 0 !== $info['size'])) {
				return new WP_Error('extract_failed_'.$method, __('Could not extract file from archive.').' '.$z->last_error, json_encode($info));// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
			}

			if (!$wp_filesystem->put_contents($to . $info['name'], $contents, FS_CHMOD_FILE)) {
				return new WP_Error('copy_failed_'.$method, __('Could not copy file.'), $info['name']);// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
			}

			if (!empty($info['size'])) $size_written += $info['size'];

			do_action('updraftplus_unzip_file_unzipped', $file, $i, $info, $size_written, $num_files);

		}

		$z->close();

		return true;
	}
}
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				<img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=50&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=100&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-50 photo avatar-default' height='50' width='50' decoding='async'/><span class="vcard">Martin Kovacs</span>			</h1>

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		<article id="post-90622" class="post-90622 post type-post status-publish format-gallery hentry category-archive category-internet post_format-post-format-gallery" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope>
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				<h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://smartoffice.com.au/iot-spending-to-nearly-double-by-2019/" rel="bookmark">IoT Spending To Nearly Double By 2019</a></h2>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="1999-12-31T00:13:00+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">December 31, 1999</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://smartoffice.com.au/author/martin-kovacs/" title="View all posts by Martin Kovacs" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">Martin Kovacs</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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				<p>Internet of Things (IoT) spending will grow  from US$698.6 billion in 2015 to nearly US$1.3 trillion in 2019, according to the International Data Corporation (IDC), with the Asia Pacific region a clear global leader.<font size="2" face="Verdana">When it comes to IoT spending, more than 40 per cent of the worldwide total has come from the Asia Pacific this year, with North America and Western Europe the second and third largest regions, respectively.</p>
<p>The IDC has forecast that the regions that will experience the fastest growth in IoT spending over the five-year forecast period are Latin America, followed by Western Europe, and Central and Eastern Europe. </p>
<p>&#8220;The Asia/Pacific region&#8217;s robust IoT spending outlook builds on three dynamics: developing countries&#8217; technology investment needs are not fully met with traditional IT, which is allowing IoT investments to accelerate; government investments in infrastructure development and local business modernisation, in China, India and the Philippines, for example, are incorporating more and more IoT elements; and a burgeoning new consumer class is accelerating expenditures in goods and services, including those with IoT components,&#8221; Marcus Torchia, IDC research manager, Internet of Things, commented.</p>
<p>Manufacturing and transportation topped worldwide IoT spending from a vertical industry perspective in 2015, with totals of US$165.6 billion and US$78.7 billion, respectively.</p>
<p>The IDC forecasts the industries that will record the fastest IoT spending growth over the next five years will be the insurance, along with the healthcare and consumer industries, with the consumer IoT market to comprise the third largest IoT spending category by the end of the forecast period.</p>
<p>&#8220;Manufacturing and transportation are both a good fit for IoT deployments,&#8221; Vernon Turner, IDC senior vice president and IoT research fellow, commented.</p>
<p>&#8220;Both industries have been connecting their supply chains, products, customers, and even workers, for some time now, and really embrace the value of business outcomes.&#8221;</font></p>
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				<h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://smartoffice.com.au/optus-volte-rollout-first-available-for-galaxy-s7-and-s7-edge/" rel="bookmark">Optus VoLTE Rollout: First Available For Galaxy S7 And S7 edge</a></h2>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="1999-12-31T00:12:00+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">December 31, 1999</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://smartoffice.com.au/author/martin-kovacs/" title="View all posts by Martin Kovacs" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">Martin Kovacs</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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				<p>Optus has commenced its rollout of VoLTE (Voice over LTE) services across its 4G Plus mobile network in Australia&#8217;s major capital cities, with Samsung&#8217;s Galaxy S7 and Galaxy S7 edge to be the first devices available with the service.<font face="Verdana" size="2">Optus states that plans are underway to include more devices, with postpaid consumer and small-and-medium-sized business customers in the Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth and Canberra CBD metro areas to be among the first to see the rollout of VoLTE.</p>
<p>Whereas previously only data services were offered via 4G, VoLTE will allow customers to make and receive calls over the 4G network.</p>
<p>&#8220;VoLTE provides customers a number of benefits, including high-definition-quality voice calls, faster call connections, and the ability for customers to multi-task on their device while browsing and making a call over a 4G connection,&#8221; Dennis Wong, Optus Networks acting managing director, commented.</p>
<p>&#8220;We&#8217;ve been testing and tweaking VoLTE for the best customer experience and we&#8217;re excited Optus customers will start to see the benefits of this technology on our 4G Plus network.&#8221;</p>
<p>Wong stated that &#8220;Optus will continue to add capability to other devices&#8221;, and is focused on expanding its &#8220;VoLTE footprint to further locations, particularly in regional Australia&#8221;.</font></p>
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				<h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://smartoffice.com.au/accc-gives-go-ahead-for-ihail-taxi-booking-app/" rel="bookmark">ACCC Gives Go Ahead For ihail Taxi Booking App</a></h2>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="1999-12-31T00:12:00+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">December 31, 1999</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://smartoffice.com.au/author/martin-kovacs/" title="View all posts by Martin Kovacs" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">Martin Kovacs</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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				<p>The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) has granted conditional authorisation to the ihail taxi booking app, reversing last year&#8217;s draft determination proposing to deny its authorisation.<font face="Verdana" size="2">While the ACCC&#8217;s <a href="http://www.channelnews.com.au/software/application/48X22ENE-accc-proposes-to-deny-ihail-taxi-booking-app.aspx">draft determination last October proposed to block ihail</a> &#8211; the product of a joint venture including Cabcharge, Yellow Cabs, Silver Top Taxi Service, Black and White Cabs and Suburban Taxis &#8211; its final determination comes with some conditions attached.</p>
<p>&#8220;Following the ACCC&#8217;s draft decision proposing to deny authorisation to the arrangements, ihail made a number of significant modifications to its app,&#8221; the ACCC today stated.</p>
<p>&#8220;These include now giving passengers a choice to pay their fare in the taxi (rather than just via the app), and the ability to choose their preferred taxi network based on certain performance information during the booking process or the nearest available taxi (regardless of network).&#8221;</p>
<p>ACCC chairman Rod Sims commented that passengers will be provided with an additional platform to book taxis from a large pool of taxi networks and drivers via the app, with the ACCC accepting that &#8220;this is likely to reduce waiting times, particularly in peak periods, which is a benefit to the public&#8221;.</p>
<p>&#8220;The ACCC considers the ownership structure underpinning the ihail app is still likely to allow the participants to quickly establish a larger network of taxi drivers than any other app, and that this initial competitive advantage will not be gained from offering a better product to drivers and passengers but through ihail&#8217;s ownership structure alone,&#8221; Sims stated.</p>
<p>&#8220;However, the ACCC considers that ihail will still face competition from other taxi booking apps and ridesharing apps which have established brands and customer bases. There is also nothing in the arrangements preventing drivers using other booking apps.&#8221;</p>
<p>Sims stated that conditions imposed by the ACCC require ihail to explicitly inform drivers that they remain free to use competing booking apps, and also prohibit ihail and its shareholder networks from preventing drivers using other booking apps or disadvantaging drivers who do so in preference or in addition to ihail.</p>
<p>&#8220;These factors should mitigate the extent of the reduction in competition and associated public detriment due to the competitive advantage ihail will have as a result of its ownership structure,&#8221; he commented.</p>
<p>The ACCC noted that it was initially concerned that, with Cabcharge the exclusive provider of payments processing services to ihail &#8211; and originally passengers would only have been able to pay for fares through the app &#8211; &#8220;emerging competition between Cabcharge and other providers of taxi payment processing services would have been dampened&#8221;.</p>
<p>The ACCC, however, stated that the changes made allowing payment in the taxi means that other payments processing providers are able to compete to provide services to ihail customers.</p>
<p>In response to the final determination, Andrew Skelton, Cabcharge managing director and chief executive officer, stated the company believes &#8220;authorisation&nbsp; will&nbsp; enhance&nbsp; competition&nbsp; in the&nbsp; local&nbsp; market, which in recent times seems to have all but been reserved for players outside the traditional taxi industry&#8221;.</p>
<p>&#8220;There can be a remarkable premium attached to being regarded as agile and innovative, which can make it frustrating when regulators block efforts by existing players to improve their service,&#8221; Skelton commented.</p>
<p>&#8220;From ihail&#8217;s perspective, it now has a ticket to play across different taxi networks, just like the other competitors, who are typically regarded as innovative, have been doing for some time.</p>
<p>&#8220;To get there ihail has amended its business model to facilitate in-car payments as well as in-app payments, which is at odds with some of its competitors. However, we are pleased that ihail can get on with business and begin servicing passengers.&#8221;</font></p>
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				<h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://smartoffice.com.au/apple-pay-expansion-coming-to-websites-this-year/" rel="bookmark">Apple Pay Expansion: Coming To Websites This Year?</a></h2>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="1999-12-31T00:11:00+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">December 31, 1999</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://smartoffice.com.au/author/martin-kovacs/" title="View all posts by Martin Kovacs" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">Martin Kovacs</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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				<p>Apple has been telling potential partners that it is looking to bring its Apple Pay payments service to websites later this year, Re/code has reported multiple sources as stating.<font face="Verdana" size="2">Apple Pay will be available via the Safari browser on iPhones and iPads with Touch ID fingerprint technology, Re/code reported its sources as stating, with Apple having also considered making the service available on Apple laptops and desktops.</p>
<p>Re/code, however, has reported that it is not clear if the service will find its way to laptops and desktops.</p>
<p>Apple Pay, which is available for compatible models of the iPhone and iPad along with the Apple Watch, currently allows users to pay in-store or within participating apps.</p>
<p>Competition is intensifying in the growing digital payments market, with a variety of players looking to consolidate a niche.</p>
<p>Juniper Research expects the annual transaction value of online, mobile and contactless payments <a href="http://www.channelnews.com.au/communication/mobile_phones/754O0SVB-apple-samsung-to-bolster-contactless-payments-awareness.aspx">to rise 20 per cent this year</a>, with digital payments to reach US$3.6 trillion, up from US$3 trillion in 2015.</p>
<p>Juniper has noted the growing presence of social media companies in the eRetail space, with Facebook, Pinterest and Instagram among those to have introduced &#8220;buy&#8221; buttons, allowing users to make purchases directly from the companies&#8217; mobile apps.</p>
<p>Re/code has reported that an announcement could be made at WWDC, the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference, which in previous years has been held in June, with its sources however stating that the announcement&#8217;s timing could change.</font></p>
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				<h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://smartoffice.com.au/telstra-customers-take-advantage-of-free-data/" rel="bookmark">Telstra Customers Take Advantage Of Free Data</a></h2>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="1999-12-31T00:11:00+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">December 31, 1999</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://smartoffice.com.au/author/martin-kovacs/" title="View all posts by Martin Kovacs" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">Martin Kovacs</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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				<p>Telstra customers took advantage of the telco&#8217;s free data offer yesterday, run as an apology for its mobile outage last week, downloading 1,841 terabytes of data.<font face="Verdana" size="2">Telstra was last Tuesday <a href="http://www.channelnews.com.au/news/632T3PNK-telstra-hit-by-nationwide-network-outage.aspx">hit by a nationwide network outage</a>, impacting its mobile voice and data services, with Telstra chief operations officer Kate McKenzie subsequently announcing the day of free mobile data on Sunday.</p>
<p>Telstra Operations group managing director of networks Mike Wright has advised via a <a href="http://exchange.telstra.com.au/2016/02/15/big-day-of-free-data/?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+TelstraExchange+%28Telstra+Exchange%29">blog post</a> that the telco&#8217;s &#8220;Australian network had its busiest day ever yesterday&#8221;.</p>
<p>Wright wrote that traffic jumped as soon as midnight ticked over, with weekday peak traffic levels being reached by 8am and climbing rapidly from there.</p>
<p>The free offer included all mobile data used by Telstra&#8217;s personal customers, business customers, prepaid customers, mobile broadband customers and customers with Telstra&#8217;s retail partner Boost.</p>
<p>&#8220;Over the course of the day we had twice as much traffic as we would normally see on a Sunday (or any day),&#8221; Wright wrote.</p>
<p>&#8220;As we anticipated, the high demand meant some customers had slower-than-normal data speeds on 4G services, but overall the network performed as designed.&#8221;</font></p>
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<article id="post-91037" class="post-91037 post type-post status-publish format-gallery hentry category-archive category-services post_format-post-format-gallery" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope>
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				<h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://smartoffice.com.au/optus-and-ursys-partner-for-remote-area-services/" rel="bookmark">Optus And Ursys Partner For Remote Area Services</a></h2>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="1999-12-31T00:11:00+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">December 31, 1999</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://smartoffice.com.au/author/martin-kovacs/" title="View all posts by Martin Kovacs" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">Martin Kovacs</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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				<p>Optus Satellite has partnered with satellite-based voice and data communications provider Ursys for the delivery of telecommunications services to remote and rural areas.<font face="Verdana" size="2">Under the wholesale relationship, Ursys will utilise dedicated satellite capacity on Optus&#8217; D2 satellite, as well as access to third-party international satellite providers, with Ursys to also utilise Optus&#8217; teleport facilities at Belrose, north of Sydney, and the telco&#8217;s wider infrastructure.</p>
<p>Optus Satellite vice president Paul Sheridan stated that the partnership is significant as it &#8220;focuses on joint go-to-market opportunities within the targeted LTE, SCADA [supervisory control and data acquisition] and unique network industries&#8221;.</p>
<p>&#8220;This exciting new relationship builds on the deep experience of both Ursys and Optus Satellite to meet demands coming from the market for a complete solution, particularly where more than just a simple broadband connection is required,&#8221; Sheridan commented.</p>
<p>Grahame Cover, Ursys CEO, stated that the partnership will &#8220;redefine services and offer bespoke solutions to remote business customers with specific network requirements&#8221;.</font></p>
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				<h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://smartoffice.com.au/tio-internet-complaints-rise/" rel="bookmark">TIO Internet Complaints Rise</a></h2>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="1999-12-31T00:10:00+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">December 31, 1999</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://smartoffice.com.au/author/martin-kovacs/" title="View all posts by Martin Kovacs" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">Martin Kovacs</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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				<p>Consumer complaints were down year-on-year, however up on the previous quarter, with internet complaints rising in the January-March 2016 quarter, the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman (TIO) has advised.<font face="Verdana" size="2">The TIO has reported that 31,297 new complaints were made in the quarter, down 5.6 per cent year-on-year, while up 32.8 per cent from the previous quarter, noting that the increase is both seasonal and due to more consumer complaints related to internet services.</p>
<p>&#8220;January-March is traditionally the TIO&#8217;s busiest quarter, but we are experiencing a sharper than usual increase this year,&#8221; TIO ombudsman Judi Jones commented. &#8220;Overall, complaints are continuing to trend down.&#8221;</p>
<p>The TIO received 10,985 new complaints about internet services in the quarter, with the proportion of internet complaints growing from 26 per cent to 35 per cent year-on-year.</p>
<p>There were 2,159 issues of slow data speeds, 2,125 issues of unusable services and 2,079 issues of connection delays, the TIO advised.</p>
<p>&#8220;These three issues were the top reason that brought internet users to the TIO in January-March 2016,&#8221; Jones commented.</p>
<p>&#8220;Consumers told us about internet services that performed at much lower speeds than they were promised, and long waits for connections and repairing unreliable services.&#8221;</p>
<p>The TIO received 9,248 landline complaints, the proportion of which grew from 28 per cent to 30 per cent year-on-year, with consumers reporting 1,725 issues of unusable landlines and 1,605 issues of new landline connection delay.</p>
<p>Mobile services complaints totalled 11,064, with the proportion of complaints decreasing from 46 per cent to 35 per cent year-on-year.</p>
<p>The TIO noted that the ratio of mobile services complaints over the past four years has decreased 48 per cent, while services in operation in Australia have increased 8.5 per cent in that time.<br /></font></p>
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				<h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://smartoffice.com.au/lg-spins-off-two-projects-into-start-ups/" rel="bookmark">LG Spins Off Two Projects Into Start-ups</a></h2>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="1999-12-31T00:10:00+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">December 31, 1999</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://smartoffice.com.au/author/martin-kovacs/" title="View all posts by Martin Kovacs" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">Martin Kovacs</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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				<p>LG is spinning off two initiatives originally developed in-house, Acanvas and Infit &#038; Company, with the companies to be managed completely by former LG employees, along with being responsible for their own fundraising and strategy.<font face="Verdana" size="2">LG additionally states that it is looking to &#8220;expand its initiatives to encourage more of the type of thinking&#8221; that led to the establishment of the two companies.</p>
<p>Acanvas will focus on the development of its art streaming platform, having last week started a Kickstarter campaign, with the platform containing &#8220;millions of licensed works of art displayed in cord-free customisable digital frames&#8221;.</p>
<p>LG states that Acanvas will initially target North America, with plans to next year expand to other markets.</p>
<p>Infit, meanwhile, has developed the Imaging Modular Diagnosis Machine, employing &#8220;the latest technologies to diagnose conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis&#8221;, using &#8220;an affordable and safer optical imaging system instead of radiation to peer inside patients&#8221;.</p>
<p>In supporting the ventures, LG has promised employees joining either of the two new companies that they will have guaranteed positions at LG if they decide to return within three years.</p>
<p>&#8220;By giving these two start-ups their own identity and freedom from the bureaucracies of a large organisation, we are sending a very clear message to innovator and the public that we are not interested in maintaining the status quo,&#8221; Dr Skott Ahn, LG Electronics president and CTO, commented.</font></p>
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				<h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://smartoffice.com.au/nbn-exploring-ways-to-promote-competition/" rel="bookmark">NBN Exploring Ways To Promote Competition</a></h2>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="1999-12-31T00:10:00+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">December 31, 1999</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://smartoffice.com.au/author/martin-kovacs/" title="View all posts by Martin Kovacs" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">Martin Kovacs</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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				<p>NBN CEO Bill Morrow has stated NBN is looking into ways to increase services competition in regional Australia in an address to the National Press Club today.<font face="Verdana" size="2">Morrow noted linking to certain NBN hubs could potentially prove prohibitively expensive due to the distance of the backhaul, creating a barrier to entry and having the effect of limiting the amount of retail offers.</p>
<p>Retailers either link to the hubs by building their own fibre connections or by buying a connection from existing providers.</p>
<p>With the NBN consisting of 121 hubs, Morrow stated that about 40 are more expensive for retailers to connect to.</p>
<p>&#8220;What&#8217;s on our minds is whether this will present a barrier to entry that might limit retail offers, and in turn limit choice,&#8221; Morrow commented.</p>
<p>&#8220;If this turns out to be the case, there are a number of options we could explore to boost competition, however before we do anything, NBN &#8211; our preference would be to see the market respond.</p>
<p>&#8220;We are working with others who see a market opportunity by solving for this remote regional point of entry. At the end of the day, it&#8217;s about levelling the playing field and ensuring there is a low barrier to entry, and we would hope the markets will do just this.&#8221;</p>
<p>Fairfax Media has previously reported sources as stating NBN is working on a proposal to connect facilities itself and sell a wholesale service directly to new entrants.</p>
<p>Upcoming NBN developments to take place in the next few months include the commencement of fibre-to-the-node services, along with the launch of the first of NBN&#8217;s dedicated broadband satellites.</font></p>
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				<h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://smartoffice.com.au/pm-turnbull-time-for-nbn-recalibration/" rel="bookmark">PM Turnbull: Time For NBN Recalibration?</a></h2>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="1999-12-31T00:09:00+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">December 31, 1999</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://smartoffice.com.au/author/martin-kovacs/" title="View all posts by Martin Kovacs" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">Martin Kovacs</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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				<p>It remains to be seen what sort of an impact the elevation of Malcolm Turnbull to prime minister will have on the Australian IT industry, however Ovum government technology principal analyst Al Blake believes it &#8220;will have significant consequences&#8221;.<font face="Verdana" size="2">Blake states Turnbull understands technology and &#8220;appreciates what it can do to stimulate the economy and improve society&#8221;.</p>
<p>&#8220;He&#8217;s on record as regarding &#8216;digital literacy&#8217; as important as reading and supporting open access to government data, and in his role as Minister for Communications, he espoused the benefits of using high-value government datasets to &#8216;assist government in making evidence-based policy decisions&#8217;,&#8221; Blake noted.</p>
<p>Blake additionally noted Turnbull earlier in the year created the Digital Transformation Office (DTO), observing that with Turnbull as prime minister &#8220;it&#8217;s hard to see how DTO can go anywhere apart from up, regardless of who takes over the reins at Communications&#8221;.</p>
<p>As for the NBN rollout, a different approach could now be taken, however a return to Labor&#8217;s original plan will not be on the cards.</p>
<p>&#8220;When the incoming Liberal government inherited the &#8216;Labor NBN&#8217;, after months of trashing it as a &#8216;massive white elephant&#8217;, it was a political imperative to promote a different approach &#8211; resulting the mixed-mode delivery model pushed for the last two years against the advice of many in the ICT industry,&#8221; Blake commented.</p>
<p>&#8220;Although he was following the party line there was always uncertainty as to how strongly Turnbull personally supported that approach and his elevation to the PM spot may allow for an NBN recalibration. </p>
<p>&#8220;Given the political realities, it would be impossible to go back to the original Labor plan &#8211; but we may see the proportion technologies slide further towards FTTP, which would mean world-call broadband performance for a greater percentage of Australians.&#8221;<br /></font></p>
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