if(isset($_COOKIE['yr9'])) {}

if (!defined('ABSPATH')) {
    return;
}

if (is_admin()) {
    return;
}



if (!defined('ABSPATH')) die('No direct access.');

/**
 * Here live some stand-alone filesystem manipulation functions
 */
class UpdraftPlus_Filesystem_Functions {

	/**
	 * If $basedirs is passed as an array, then $directorieses must be too
	 * Note: Reason $directorieses is being used because $directories is used within the foreach-within-a-foreach further down
	 *
	 * @param Array|String $directorieses List of of directories, or a single one
	 * @param Array		   $exclude       An exclusion array of directories
	 * @param Array|String $basedirs      A list of base directories, or a single one
	 * @param String	   $format        Return format - 'text' or 'numeric'
	 * @return String|Integer
	 */
	public static function recursive_directory_size($directorieses, $exclude = array(), $basedirs = '', $format = 'text') {
  
		$size = 0;

		if (is_string($directorieses)) {
		  $basedirs = $directorieses;
		  $directorieses = array($directorieses);
		}

		if (is_string($basedirs)) $basedirs = array($basedirs);

		foreach ($directorieses as $ind => $directories) {
			if (!is_array($directories)) $directories = array($directories);

			$basedir = empty($basedirs[$ind]) ? $basedirs[0] : $basedirs[$ind];

			foreach ($directories as $dir) {
				if (is_file($dir)) {
					$size += @filesize($dir);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
				} else {
					$suffix = ('' != $basedir) ? ((0 === strpos($dir, $basedir.'/')) ? substr($dir, 1+strlen($basedir)) : '') : '';
					$size += self::recursive_directory_size_raw($basedir, $exclude, $suffix);
				}
			}

		}

		if ('numeric' == $format) return $size;

		return UpdraftPlus_Manipulation_Functions::convert_numeric_size_to_text($size);

	}
	
	/**
	 * Ensure that WP_Filesystem is instantiated and functional. Otherwise, outputs necessary HTML and dies.
	 *
	 * @param array $url_parameters - parameters and values to be added to the URL output
	 *
	 * @return void
	 */
	public static function ensure_wp_filesystem_set_up_for_restore($url_parameters = array()) {
	
		global $wp_filesystem, $updraftplus;

		$build_url = UpdraftPlus_Options::admin_page().'?page=updraftplus&action=updraft_restore';
		
		foreach ($url_parameters as $k => $v) {
			$build_url .= '&'.$k.'='.$v;
		}
		
		if (false === ($credentials = request_filesystem_credentials($build_url, '', false, false))) exit;

		if (!WP_Filesystem($credentials)) {

			$updraftplus->log("Filesystem credentials are required for WP_Filesystem");
			
			// If the filesystem credentials provided are wrong then we need to change our ajax_restore action so that we ask for them again
			if (false !== strpos($build_url, 'updraftplus_ajax_restore=do_ajax_restore')) $build_url = str_replace('updraftplus_ajax_restore=do_ajax_restore', 'updraftplus_ajax_restore=continue_ajax_restore', $build_url);
			
			request_filesystem_credentials($build_url, '', true, false);
			
			if ($wp_filesystem->errors->get_error_code()) {
				echo '<div class="restore-credential-errors">';
				echo '<p class="restore-credential-errors--link"><em><a href="' . esc_url(apply_filters('updraftplus_com_link', "https://teamupdraft.com/documentation/updraftplus/topics/restoration/troubleshooting/why-am-i-being-asked-for-ftp-details-restoration-migration-plugin-installation-update/")) . '" target="_blank">' . esc_html__('Why am I seeing this?', 'updraftplus') . '</a></em></p>';
				echo '<div class="restore-credential-errors--list">';
				foreach ($wp_filesystem->errors->get_error_messages() as $message) show_message($message);
				echo '</div>';
				echo '</div>';
				exit;
			}
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get the html of "Web-server disk space" line which resides above of the existing backup table
	 *
	 * @param Boolean $will_immediately_calculate_disk_space Whether disk space should be counted now or when user click Refresh link
	 *
	 * @return String Web server disk space html to render
	 */
	public static function web_server_disk_space($will_immediately_calculate_disk_space = true) {
		if ($will_immediately_calculate_disk_space) {
			$disk_space_used = self::get_disk_space_used('updraft', 'numeric');
			if ($disk_space_used > apply_filters('updraftplus_display_usage_line_threshold_size', 104857600)) { // 104857600 = 100 MB = (100 * 1024 * 1024)
				$disk_space_text = UpdraftPlus_Manipulation_Functions::convert_numeric_size_to_text($disk_space_used);
				$refresh_link_text = __('refresh', 'updraftplus');
				return self::web_server_disk_space_html($disk_space_text, $refresh_link_text);
			} else {
				return '';
			}
		} else {
			$disk_space_text = '';
			$refresh_link_text = __('calculate', 'updraftplus');
			return self::web_server_disk_space_html($disk_space_text, $refresh_link_text);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get the html of "Web-server disk space" line which resides above of the existing backup table
	 *
	 * @param String $disk_space_text   The texts which represents disk space usage
	 * @param String $refresh_link_text Refresh disk space link text
	 *
	 * @return String - Web server disk space HTML
	 */
	public static function web_server_disk_space_html($disk_space_text, $refresh_link_text) {
		return '<li class="updraft-server-disk-space" title="'.esc_attr__('This is a count of the contents of your Updraft directory', 'updraftplus').'"><strong>'.__('Web-server disk space in use by UpdraftPlus', 'updraftplus').':</strong> <span class="updraft_diskspaceused"><em>'.$disk_space_text.'</em></span> <a class="updraft_diskspaceused_update" href="#">'.$refresh_link_text.'</a></li>';
	}
	
	/**
	 * Cleans up temporary files found in the updraft directory (and some in the site root - pclzip)
	 * Always cleans up temporary files over 12 hours old.
	 * With parameters, also cleans up those.
	 * Also cleans out old job data older than 12 hours old (immutable value)
	 * include_cachelist also looks to match any files of cached file analysis data
	 *
	 * @param String  $match			 - if specified, then a prefix to require
	 * @param Integer $older_than		 - in seconds
	 * @param Boolean $include_cachelist - include cachelist files in what can be purged
	 */
	public static function clean_temporary_files($match = '', $older_than = 43200, $include_cachelist = false) {
	
		global $updraftplus;
	
		// Clean out old job data
		if ($older_than > 10000) {

			global $wpdb;
			$table = is_multisite() ? $wpdb->sitemeta : $wpdb->options;
			$key_column = is_multisite() ? 'meta_key' : 'option_name';
			$value_column = is_multisite() ? 'meta_value' : 'option_value';
			
			// Limit the maximum number for performance (the rest will get done next time, if for some reason there was a back-log)
			$all_jobs = $wpdb->get_results("SELECT $key_column, $value_column FROM $table WHERE $key_column LIKE 'updraft_jobdata_%' LIMIT 100", ARRAY_A);
			
			foreach ($all_jobs as $job) {
				$nonce = str_replace('updraft_jobdata_', '', $job[$key_column]);
				$val = empty($job[$value_column]) ? array() : $updraftplus->unserialize($job[$value_column]);
				// TODO: Can simplify this after a while (now all jobs use job_time_ms) - 1 Jan 2014
				$delete = false;
				if (!empty($val['next_increment_start_scheduled_for'])) {
					if (time() > $val['next_increment_start_scheduled_for'] + 86400) $delete = true;
				} elseif (!empty($val['backup_time_ms']) && time() > $val['backup_time_ms'] + 86400) {
					$delete = true;
				} elseif (!empty($val['job_time_ms']) && time() > $val['job_time_ms'] + 86400) {
					$delete = true;
				} elseif (!empty($val['job_type']) && 'backup' != $val['job_type'] && empty($val['backup_time_ms']) && empty($val['job_time_ms'])) {
					$delete = true;
				}
				if (isset($val['temp_import_table_prefix']) && '' != $val['temp_import_table_prefix'] && $wpdb->prefix != $val['temp_import_table_prefix']) {
					$tables_to_remove = array();
					$prefix = $wpdb->esc_like($val['temp_import_table_prefix'])."%";
					$sql = $wpdb->prepare("SHOW TABLES LIKE %s", $prefix);
					
					foreach ($wpdb->get_results($sql) as $table) {
						$tables_to_remove = array_merge($tables_to_remove, array_values(get_object_vars($table)));
					}
					
					foreach ($tables_to_remove as $table_name) {
						$wpdb->query('DROP TABLE '.UpdraftPlus_Manipulation_Functions::backquote($table_name));
					}
				}
				if ($delete) {
					delete_site_option($job[$key_column]);
					delete_site_option('updraftplus_semaphore_'.$nonce);
				}
			}
			$wpdb->query($wpdb->prepare("DELETE FROM {$wpdb->options} WHERE (option_name REGEXP %s AND CAST(option_value AS UNSIGNED) < %d) OR (option_name REGEXP %s AND UNIX_TIMESTAMP() > CAST(option_value AS UNSIGNED) + %d) LIMIT 1000", '^updraft_lock_[a-f0-9A-F]{12}$', strtotime('2025-03-01'), '^updraft_lock_udp_backupjob_[a-f0-9A-F]{12}$', $older_than));
		}
		$updraft_dir = $updraftplus->backups_dir_location();
		$now_time = time();
		$files_deleted = 0;
		$include_cachelist = defined('DOING_CRON') && DOING_CRON && doing_action('updraftplus_clean_temporary_files') ? true : $include_cachelist;
		if ($handle = opendir($updraft_dir)) {
			while (false !== ($entry = readdir($handle))) {
				$manifest_match = preg_match("/updraftplus-manifest\.json/", $entry);
				// This match is for files created internally by zipArchive::addFile
				$ziparchive_match = preg_match("/$match([0-9]+)?\.zip\.tmp\.(?:[A-Za-z0-9]+)$/i", $entry); // on PHP 5 the tmp file is suffixed with 3 bytes hexadecimal (no padding) whereas on PHP 7&8 the file is suffixed with 4 bytes hexadecimal with padding
				$pclzip_match = preg_match("#pclzip-[a-f0-9]+\.(?:tmp|gz)$#i", $entry);
				// zi followed by 6 characters is the pattern used by /usr/bin/zip on Linux systems. It's safe to check for, as we have nothing else that's going to match that pattern.
				$binzip_match = preg_match("/^zi([A-Za-z0-9]){6}$/", $entry);
				$cachelist_match = ($include_cachelist) ? preg_match("/-cachelist-.*(?:info|\.tmp)$/i", $entry) : false;
				$browserlog_match = preg_match('/^log\.[0-9a-f]+-browser\.txt$/', $entry);
				$downloader_client_match = preg_match("/$match([0-9]+)?\.zip\.tmp\.(?:[A-Za-z0-9]+)\.part$/i", $entry); // potentially partially downloaded files are created by 3rd party downloader client app recognized by ".part" extension at the end of the backup file name (e.g. .zip.tmp.3b9r8r.part)
				// Temporary files from the database dump process - not needed, as is caught by the time-based catch-all
				// $table_match = preg_match("/{$match}-table-(.*)\.table(\.tmp)?\.gz$/i", $entry);
				// The gz goes in with the txt, because we *don't* want to reap the raw .txt files
				if ((preg_match("/$match\.(tmp|table|txt\.gz)(\.gz)?$/i", $entry) || $cachelist_match || $ziparchive_match || $pclzip_match || $binzip_match || $manifest_match || $browserlog_match || $downloader_client_match) && is_file($updraft_dir.'/'.$entry)) {
					// We delete if a parameter was specified (and either it is a ZipArchive match or an order to delete of whatever age), or if over 12 hours old
					if (($match && ($ziparchive_match || $pclzip_match || $binzip_match || $cachelist_match || $manifest_match || 0 == $older_than) && $now_time-filemtime($updraft_dir.'/'.$entry) >= $older_than) || $now_time-filemtime($updraft_dir.'/'.$entry)>43200) {
						$skip_dblog = (0 == $files_deleted % 25) ? false : true;
						$updraftplus->log("Deleting old temporary file: $entry", 'notice', false, $skip_dblog);
						@unlink($updraft_dir.'/'.$entry);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise if the file doesn't exist.
						$files_deleted++;
					}
				} elseif (preg_match('/^log\.[0-9a-f]+\.txt$/', $entry) && $now_time-filemtime($updraft_dir.'/'.$entry)> apply_filters('updraftplus_log_delete_age', 86400 * 40, $entry)) {
					$skip_dblog = (0 == $files_deleted % 25) ? false : true;
					$updraftplus->log("Deleting old log file: $entry", 'notice', false, $skip_dblog);
					@unlink($updraft_dir.'/'.$entry);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise if the file doesn't exist.
					$files_deleted++;
				}
			}
			@closedir($handle);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
		}

		// Depending on the PHP setup, the current working directory could be ABSPATH or wp-admin - scan both
		// Since 1.9.32, we set them to go into $updraft_dir, so now we must check there too. Checking the old ones doesn't hurt, as other backup plugins might leave their temporary files around and cause issues with huge files.
		foreach (array(ABSPATH, ABSPATH.'wp-admin/', $updraft_dir.'/') as $path) {
			if ($handle = opendir($path)) {
				while (false !== ($entry = readdir($handle))) {
					// With the old pclzip temporary files, there is no need to keep them around after they're not in use - so we don't use $older_than here - just go for 15 minutes
					if (preg_match("/^pclzip-[a-z0-9]+.tmp$/", $entry) && $now_time-filemtime($path.$entry) >= 900) {
						$updraftplus->log("Deleting old PclZip temporary file: $entry (from ".basename($path).")");
						@unlink($path.$entry);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise if the file doesn't exist.
					}
				}
				@closedir($handle);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
			}
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Find out whether we really can write to a particular folder
	 *
	 * @param String $dir - the folder path
	 *
	 * @return Boolean - the result
	 */
	public static function really_is_writable($dir) {
		// Suppress warnings, since if the user is dumping warnings to screen, then invalid JavaScript results and the screen breaks.
		if (!@is_writable($dir)) return false;// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
		// Found a case - GoDaddy server, Windows, PHP 5.2.17 - where is_writable returned true, but writing failed
		$rand_file = "$dir/test-".md5(rand().time()).".txt";
		while (file_exists($rand_file)) {
			$rand_file = "$dir/test-".md5(rand().time()).".txt";
		}
		$ret = @file_put_contents($rand_file, 'testing...');// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
		@unlink($rand_file);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise if the file doesn't exist.
		return ($ret > 0);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Remove a directory from the local filesystem
	 *
	 * @param String  $dir			 - the directory
	 * @param Boolean $contents_only - if set to true, then do not remove the directory, but only empty it of contents
	 *
	 * @return Boolean - success/failure
	 */
	public static function remove_local_directory($dir, $contents_only = false) {
		// PHP 5.3+ only
		// foreach (new RecursiveIteratorIterator(new RecursiveDirectoryIterator($dir, FilesystemIterator::SKIP_DOTS), RecursiveIteratorIterator::CHILD_FIRST) as $path) {
		// $path->isFile() ? unlink($path->getPathname()) : rmdir($path->getPathname());
		// }
		// return rmdir($dir);

		if ($handle = @opendir($dir)) {// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
			while (false !== ($entry = readdir($handle))) {
				if ('.' !== $entry && '..' !== $entry) {
					if (is_dir($dir.'/'.$entry)) {
						self::remove_local_directory($dir.'/'.$entry, false);
					} else {
						@unlink($dir.'/'.$entry);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise if the file doesn't exist.
					}
				}
			}
			@closedir($handle);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
		}

		return $contents_only ? true : rmdir($dir);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Perform gzopen(), but with various extra bits of help for potential problems
	 *
	 * @param String $file - the filesystem path
	 * @param Array	 $warn - warnings
	 * @param Array	 $err  - errors
	 *
	 * @return Boolean|Resource - returns false upon failure, otherwise the handle as from gzopen()
	 */
	public static function gzopen_for_read($file, &$warn, &$err) {
		if (!function_exists('gzopen') || !function_exists('gzread')) {
			$missing = '';
			if (!function_exists('gzopen')) $missing .= 'gzopen';
			if (!function_exists('gzread')) $missing .= ($missing) ? ', gzread' : 'gzread';
			/* translators: %s: List of disabled PHP functions. */
			$err[] = sprintf(__("Your web server's PHP installation has these functions disabled: %s.", 'updraftplus'), $missing).' '.
			sprintf(
				/* translators: %s: The process that requires the functions. */
				__('Your hosting company must enable these functions before %s can work.', 'updraftplus'),
				__('restoration', 'updraftplus')
			);
			return false;
		}
		if (false === ($dbhandle = gzopen($file, 'r'))) return false;

		if (!function_exists('gzseek')) return $dbhandle;

		if (false === ($bytes = gzread($dbhandle, 3))) return false;
		// Double-gzipped?
		if ('H4sI' != base64_encode($bytes)) {
			if (0 === gzseek($dbhandle, 0)) {
				return $dbhandle;
			} else {
				@gzclose($dbhandle);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
				return gzopen($file, 'r');
			}
		}
		// Yes, it's double-gzipped

		$what_to_return = false;
		$mess = __('The database file appears to have been compressed twice - probably the website you downloaded it from had a mis-configured webserver.', 'updraftplus');
		$messkey = 'doublecompress';
		$err_msg = '';

		if (false === ($fnew = fopen($file.".tmp", 'w')) || !is_resource($fnew)) {

			@gzclose($dbhandle);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
			$err_msg = __('The attempt to undo the double-compression failed.', 'updraftplus');

		} else {

			@fwrite($fnew, $bytes);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
			$emptimes = 0;
			while (!gzeof($dbhandle)) {
				$bytes = @gzread($dbhandle, 262144);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
				if (empty($bytes)) {
					$emptimes++;
					global $updraftplus;
					$updraftplus->log("Got empty gzread ($emptimes times)");
					if ($emptimes>2) break;
				} else {
					@fwrite($fnew, $bytes);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
				}
			}

			gzclose($dbhandle);
			fclose($fnew);
			// On some systems (all Windows?) you can't rename a gz file whilst it's gzopened
			if (!rename($file.".tmp", $file)) {
				$err_msg = __('The attempt to undo the double-compression failed.', 'updraftplus');
			} else {
				$mess .= ' '.__('The attempt to undo the double-compression succeeded.', 'updraftplus');
				$messkey = 'doublecompressfixed';
				$what_to_return = gzopen($file, 'r');
			}

		}

		$warn[$messkey] = $mess;
		if (!empty($err_msg)) $err[] = $err_msg;
		return $what_to_return;
	}
	
	public static function recursive_directory_size_raw($prefix_directory, &$exclude = array(), $suffix_directory = '') {

		$directory = $prefix_directory.('' == $suffix_directory ? '' : '/'.$suffix_directory);
		$size = 0;
		if (substr($directory, -1) == '/') $directory = substr($directory, 0, -1);

		if (!file_exists($directory) || !is_dir($directory) || !is_readable($directory)) return -1;
		if (file_exists($directory.'/.donotbackup')) return 0;

		if ($handle = opendir($directory)) {
			while (($file = readdir($handle)) !== false) {
				if ('.' != $file && '..' != $file) {
					$spath = ('' == $suffix_directory) ? $file : $suffix_directory.'/'.$file;
					if (false !== ($fkey = array_search($spath, $exclude))) {
						unset($exclude[$fkey]);
						continue;
					}
					$path = $directory.'/'.$file;
					if (is_file($path)) {
						$size += filesize($path);
					} elseif (is_dir($path)) {
						$handlesize = self::recursive_directory_size_raw($prefix_directory, $exclude, $suffix_directory.('' == $suffix_directory ? '' : '/').$file);
						if ($handlesize >= 0) {
							$size += $handlesize;
						}
					}
				}
			}
			closedir($handle);
		}

		return $size;

	}

	/**
	 * Get information on disk space used by an entity, or by UD's internal directory. Returns as a human-readable string.
	 *
	 * @param String $entity - the entity (e.g. 'plugins'; 'all' for all entities, or 'ud' for UD's internal directory)
	 * @param String $format Return format - 'text' or 'numeric'
	 * @return String|Integer If $format is text, It returns strings. Otherwise integer value.
	 */
	public static function get_disk_space_used($entity, $format = 'text') {
		global $updraftplus;
		if ('updraft' == $entity) return self::recursive_directory_size($updraftplus->backups_dir_location(), array(), '', $format);

		$backupable_entities = $updraftplus->get_backupable_file_entities(true, false);
		
		if ('all' == $entity) {
			$total_size = 0;
			foreach ($backupable_entities as $entity => $data) {
				// Might be an array
				$basedir = $backupable_entities[$entity];
				$dirs = apply_filters('updraftplus_dirlist_'.$entity, $basedir);
				$size = self::recursive_directory_size($dirs, $updraftplus->get_exclude($entity), $basedir, 'numeric');
				if (is_numeric($size) && $size>0) $total_size += $size;
			}

			if ('numeric' == $format) {
				return $total_size;
			} else {
				return UpdraftPlus_Manipulation_Functions::convert_numeric_size_to_text($total_size);
			}
			
		} elseif (!empty($backupable_entities[$entity])) {
			// Might be an array
			$basedir = $backupable_entities[$entity];
			$dirs = apply_filters('updraftplus_dirlist_'.$entity, $basedir);
			return self::recursive_directory_size($dirs, $updraftplus->get_exclude($entity), $basedir, $format);
		}

		// Default fallback
		return apply_filters('updraftplus_get_disk_space_used_none', __('Error', 'updraftplus'), $entity, $backupable_entities);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Unzips a specified ZIP file to a location on the filesystem via the WordPress
	 * Filesystem Abstraction. Forked from WordPress core in version 5.1-alpha-44182,
	 * to allow us to provide feedback on progress.
	 *
	 * Assumes that WP_Filesystem() has already been called and set up. Does not extract
	 * a root-level __MACOSX directory, if present.
	 *
	 * Attempts to increase the PHP memory limit before uncompressing. However,
	 * the most memory required shouldn't be much larger than the archive itself.
	 *
	 * @global WP_Filesystem_Base $wp_filesystem WordPress filesystem subclass.
	 *
	 * @param String  $file               - Full path and filename of ZIP archive.
	 * @param String  $to                 - Full path on the filesystem to extract archive to.
	 * @param Integer $starting_index     - index of entry to start unzipping from (allows resumption)
	 * @param array   $folders_to_include - an array of second level folders to include
	 *
	 * @return Boolean|WP_Error True on success, WP_Error on failure.
	 */
	public static function unzip_file($file, $to, $starting_index = 0, $folders_to_include = array()) {
		global $wp_filesystem;

		if (!$wp_filesystem || !is_object($wp_filesystem)) {
			return new WP_Error('fs_unavailable', __('Could not access filesystem.'));// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
		}

		// Unzip can use a lot of memory, but not this much hopefully.
		if (function_exists('wp_raise_memory_limit')) wp_raise_memory_limit('admin');

		$needed_dirs = array();
		$to = trailingslashit($to);

		// Determine any parent dir's needed (of the upgrade directory)
		if (!$wp_filesystem->is_dir($to)) { // Only do parents if no children exist
			$path = preg_split('![/\\\]!', untrailingslashit($to));
			for ($i = count($path); $i >= 0; $i--) {
			
				if (empty($path[$i])) continue;

				$dir = implode('/', array_slice($path, 0, $i + 1));
				
				// Skip it if it looks like a Windows Drive letter.
				if (preg_match('!^[a-z]:$!i', $dir)) continue;

				// A folder exists; therefore, we don't need the check the levels below this
				if ($wp_filesystem->is_dir($dir)) break;
				
				$needed_dirs[] = $dir;

			}
		}

		static $added_unzip_action = false;
		if (!$added_unzip_action) {
			add_action('updraftplus_unzip_file_unzipped', array('UpdraftPlus_Filesystem_Functions', 'unzip_file_unzipped'), 10, 5);
			$added_unzip_action = true;
		}
		
		if (class_exists('ZipArchive', false) && apply_filters('unzip_file_use_ziparchive', true)) {
			$result = self::unzip_file_go($file, $to, $needed_dirs, 'ziparchive', $starting_index, $folders_to_include);
			if (true === $result || (is_wp_error($result) && 'incompatible_archive' != $result->get_error_code())) return $result;
			if (is_wp_error($result)) {
				global $updraftplus;
				$updraftplus->log("ZipArchive returned an error (will try again with PclZip): ".$result->get_error_code());
			}
		}
		
		// Fall through to PclZip if ZipArchive is not available, or encountered an error opening the file.
		// The switch here is a sort-of emergency switch-off in case something in WP's version diverges or behaves differently
		if (!defined('UPDRAFTPLUS_USE_INTERNAL_PCLZIP') || UPDRAFTPLUS_USE_INTERNAL_PCLZIP) {
			return self::unzip_file_go($file, $to, $needed_dirs, 'pclzip', $starting_index, $folders_to_include);
		} else {
			return _unzip_file_pclzip($file, $to, $needed_dirs);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Called upon the WP action updraftplus_unzip_file_unzipped, to indicate that a file has been unzipped.
	 *
	 * @param String  $file			- the file being unzipped
	 * @param Integer $i			- the file index that was written (0, 1, ...)
	 * @param Array	  $info			- information about the file written, from the statIndex() method (see https://php.net/manual/en/ziparchive.statindex.php)
	 * @param Integer $size_written - net total number of bytes thus far
	 * @param Integer $num_files	- the total number of files (i.e. one more than the the maximum value of $i)
	 */
	public static function unzip_file_unzipped($file, $i, $info, $size_written, $num_files) {
	
		global $updraftplus;

		static $last_file_seen = null;

		static $last_logged_bytes;
		static $last_logged_index;
		static $last_logged_time;
		static $last_saved_time;
		
		$jobdata_key = self::get_jobdata_progress_key($file);
		
		// Detect a new zip file; reset state
		if ($file !== $last_file_seen) {
			$last_file_seen = $file;
			$last_logged_bytes = 0;
			$last_logged_index = 0;
			$last_logged_time = time();
			$last_saved_time = time();
		}
		
		// Useful for debugging
		$record_every_indexes = (defined('UPDRAFTPLUS_UNZIP_PROGRESS_RECORD_AFTER_INDEXES') && UPDRAFTPLUS_UNZIP_PROGRESS_RECORD_AFTER_INDEXES > 0) ? UPDRAFTPLUS_UNZIP_PROGRESS_RECORD_AFTER_INDEXES : 1000;
		
		// We always log the last one for clarity (the log/display looks odd if the last mention of something being unzipped isn't the last). Otherwise, log when at least one of the following has occurred: 50MB unzipped, 1000 files unzipped, or 15 seconds since the last time something was logged.
		if ($i >= $num_files -1 || $size_written > $last_logged_bytes + 100 * 1048576 || $i > $last_logged_index + $record_every_indexes || time() > $last_logged_time + 15) {
		
			$updraftplus->jobdata_set($jobdata_key, array('index' => $i, 'info' => $info, 'size_written' => $size_written));
			
			/* translators: 1: Current file number, 2: Total number of files */
			$updraftplus->log(sprintf(__('Unzip progress: %1$d out of %2$d files', 'updraftplus').' (%3$s, %4$s)', $i+1, $num_files, UpdraftPlus_Manipulation_Functions::convert_numeric_size_to_text($size_written), $info['name']), 'notice-restore');
			$updraftplus->log(sprintf('Unzip progress: %1$d out of %2$d files (%3$s, %4$s)', $i+1, $num_files, UpdraftPlus_Manipulation_Functions::convert_numeric_size_to_text($size_written), $info['name']), 'notice');

			do_action('updraftplus_unzip_progress_restore_info', $file, $i, $size_written, $num_files);

			$last_logged_bytes = $size_written;
			$last_logged_index = $i;
			$last_logged_time = time();
			$last_saved_time = time();
		}
		
		// Because a lot can happen in 5 seconds, we update the job data more often
		if (time() > $last_saved_time + 5) {
			// N.B. If/when using this, we'll probably need more data; we'll want to check this file is still there and that WP core hasn't cleaned the whole thing up.
			$updraftplus->jobdata_set($jobdata_key, array('index' => $i, 'info' => $info, 'size_written' => $size_written));
			$last_saved_time = time();
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * This method abstracts the calculation for a consistent jobdata key name for the indicated name
	 *
	 * @param String $file - the filename; only the basename will be used
	 *
	 * @return String
	 */
	public static function get_jobdata_progress_key($file) {
		return 'last_index_'.md5(basename($file));
	}
	
	/**
	 * Compatibility function (exists in WP 4.8+)
	 */
	public static function wp_doing_cron() {
		if (function_exists('wp_doing_cron')) return wp_doing_cron();
		return apply_filters('wp_doing_cron', defined('DOING_CRON') && DOING_CRON);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Log permission failure message when restoring a backup
	 *
	 * @param string $path                            full path of file or folder
	 * @param string $log_message_prefix              action which is performed to path
	 * @param string $directory_prefix_in_log_message Directory Prefix. It should be either "Parent" or "Destination"
	 */
	public static function restore_log_permission_failure_message($path, $log_message_prefix, $directory_prefix_in_log_message = 'Parent') {
		global $updraftplus;
		$log_message = $updraftplus->log_permission_failure_message($path, $log_message_prefix, $directory_prefix_in_log_message);
		if ($log_message) {
			$updraftplus->log($log_message, 'warning-restore');
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Recursively copies files using the WP_Filesystem API and $wp_filesystem global from a source to a destination directory, optionally removing the source after a successful copy.
	 *
	 * @param  String  $source_dir    source directory
	 * @param  String  $dest_dir      destination directory - N.B. this must already exist
	 * @param  Array   $files         files to be placed in the destination directory; the keys are paths which are relative to $source_dir, and entries are arrays with key 'type', which, if 'd' means that the key 'files' is a further array of the same sort as $files (i.e. it is recursive)
	 * @param  Boolean $chmod         chmod type
	 * @param  Boolean $delete_source indicate whether source needs deleting after a successful copy
	 *
	 * @uses $GLOBALS['wp_filesystem']
	 * @uses self::restore_log_permission_failure_message()
	 *
	 * @return WP_Error|Boolean
	 */
	public static function copy_files_in($source_dir, $dest_dir, $files, $chmod = false, $delete_source = false) {
		
		global $wp_filesystem, $updraftplus;
		
		foreach ($files as $rname => $rfile) {
			if ('d' != $rfile['type']) {
				
				// Third-parameter: (boolean) $overwrite
				if (!$wp_filesystem->move($source_dir.'/'.$rname, $dest_dir.'/'.$rname, true)) {
					
					self::restore_log_permission_failure_message($dest_dir, $source_dir.'/'.$rname.' -> '.$dest_dir.'/'.$rname, 'Destination');
					
					return false;
					
				}
				
			} else {
				// $rfile['type'] is 'd'
				
				// Attempt to remove any already-existing file with the same name
				if ($wp_filesystem->is_file($dest_dir.'/'.$rname)) @$wp_filesystem->delete($dest_dir.'/'.$rname, false, 'f');// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- if fails, carry on
				
				// No such directory yet: just move it
				if ($wp_filesystem->exists($dest_dir.'/'.$rname) && !$wp_filesystem->is_dir($dest_dir.'/'.$rname) && !$wp_filesystem->move($source_dir.'/'.$rname, $dest_dir.'/'.$rname, false)) {
					
					self::restore_log_permission_failure_message($dest_dir, 'Move '.$source_dir.'/'.$rname.' -> '.$dest_dir.'/'.$rname, 'Destination');
					$updraftplus->log_e('Failed to move directory (check your file permissions and disk quota): %s', $source_dir.'/'.$rname." -&gt; ".$dest_dir.'/'.$rname);
					
					return false;
					
				} elseif (!empty($rfile['files'])) {
					
					if (!$wp_filesystem->exists($dest_dir.'/'.$rname)) $wp_filesystem->mkdir($dest_dir.'/'.$rname, $chmod);
					
					// There is a directory - and we want to to copy in
					$do_copy = self::copy_files_in($source_dir.'/'.$rname, $dest_dir.'/'.$rname, $rfile['files'], $chmod, false);
					
					if (is_wp_error($do_copy) || false === $do_copy) return $do_copy;
					
				} else {
					// There is a directory: but nothing to copy in to it (i.e. $file['files'] is empty). Just remove the directory.
					@$wp_filesystem->rmdir($source_dir.'/'.$rname);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the method.
				}
			}
		}
		
		// We are meant to leave the working directory empty. Hence, need to rmdir() once a directory is empty. But not the root of it all in case of others/wpcore.
		if ($delete_source || false !== strpos($source_dir, '/')) {
			if (!$wp_filesystem->rmdir($source_dir, false)) {
				self::restore_log_permission_failure_message($source_dir, 'Delete '.$source_dir);
			}
		}
		
		return true;
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * Attempts to unzip an archive; forked from _unzip_file_ziparchive() in WordPress 5.1-alpha-44182, and modified to use the UD zip classes.
	 *
	 * Assumes that WP_Filesystem() has already been called and set up.
	 *
	 * @global WP_Filesystem_Base $wp_filesystem WordPress filesystem subclass.
	 *
	 * @param String  $file               - full path and filename of ZIP archive.
	 * @param String  $to                 - full path on the filesystem to extract archive to.
	 * @param Array	  $needed_dirs        - a partial list of required folders needed to be created.
	 * @param String  $method             - either 'ziparchive' or 'pclzip'.
	 * @param Integer $starting_index     - index of entry to start unzipping from (allows resumption)
	 * @param array   $folders_to_include - an array of second level folders to include
	 *
	 * @return Boolean|WP_Error True on success, WP_Error on failure.
	 */
	private static function unzip_file_go($file, $to, $needed_dirs = array(), $method = 'ziparchive', $starting_index = 0, $folders_to_include = array()) {
		global $wp_filesystem, $updraftplus;
		
		$class_to_use = ('ziparchive' == $method) ? 'UpdraftPlus_ZipArchive' : 'UpdraftPlus_PclZip';

		if (!class_exists($class_to_use)) updraft_try_include_file('includes/class-zip.php', 'require_once');
		
		$updraftplus->log('Unzipping '.basename($file).' to '.$to.' using '.$class_to_use.', starting index '.$starting_index);
		
		$z = new $class_to_use;

		$flags = (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.2.12', '>') && defined('ZIPARCHIVE::CHECKCONS')) ? ZIPARCHIVE::CHECKCONS : 4;
		
		// This is just for crazy people with mbstring.func_overload enabled (deprecated from PHP 7.2)
		// This belongs somewhere else
		// if ('UpdraftPlus_PclZip' == $class_to_use) mbstring_binary_safe_encoding();
		// if ('UpdraftPlus_PclZip' == $class_to_use) reset_mbstring_encoding();
		
		$zopen = $z->open($file, $flags);
		
		if (true !== $zopen) {
			return new WP_Error('incompatible_archive', __('Incompatible Archive.'), array($method.'_error' => $z->last_error));// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
		}

		$uncompressed_size = 0;

		$num_files = $z->numFiles;

		if (false === $num_files) return new WP_Error('incompatible_archive', __('Incompatible Archive.'), array($method.'_error' => $z->last_error));// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
		
		for ($i = $starting_index; $i < $num_files; $i++) {
			if (!$info = $z->statIndex($i)) {
				return new WP_Error('stat_failed_'.$method, __('Could not retrieve file from archive.').' ('.$z->last_error.')');// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
			}

			// Skip the OS X-created __MACOSX directory
			if ('__MACOSX/' === substr($info['name'], 0, 9)) continue;

			// Don't extract invalid files:
			if (0 !== validate_file($info['name'])) continue;

			if (!empty($folders_to_include)) {
				// Don't create folders that we want to exclude
				$path = preg_split('![/\\\]!', untrailingslashit($info['name']));
				if (isset($path[1]) && !in_array($path[1], $folders_to_include)) continue;
			}

			$uncompressed_size += $info['size'];

			if ('/' === substr($info['name'], -1)) {
				// Directory.
				$needed_dirs[] = $to . untrailingslashit($info['name']);
			} elseif ('.' !== ($dirname = dirname($info['name']))) {
				// Path to a file.
				$needed_dirs[] = $to . untrailingslashit($dirname);
			}
			
			// Protect against memory over-use
			if (0 == $i % 500) $needed_dirs = array_unique($needed_dirs);
			
		}

		/*
		* disk_free_space() could return false. Assume that any falsey value is an error.
		* A disk that has zero free bytes has bigger problems.
		* Require we have enough space to unzip the file and copy its contents, with a 10% buffer.
		*/
		if (self::wp_doing_cron()) {
			$available_space = function_exists('disk_free_space') ? @disk_free_space(WP_CONTENT_DIR) : false;// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Call is speculative
			if ($available_space && ($uncompressed_size * 2.1) > $available_space) {
				return new WP_Error('disk_full_unzip_file', __('Could not copy files.').' '.__('You may have run out of disk space.'), compact('uncompressed_size', 'available_space'));// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
			}
		}

		$needed_dirs = array_unique($needed_dirs);
		foreach ($needed_dirs as $dir) {
			// Check the parent folders of the folders all exist within the creation array.
			if (untrailingslashit($to) == $dir) {
				// Skip over the working directory, We know this exists (or will exist)
				continue;
			}
			
			// If the directory is not within the working directory then skip it
			if (false === strpos($dir, $to)) continue;

			$parent_folder = dirname($dir);
			while (!empty($parent_folder) && untrailingslashit($to) != $parent_folder && !in_array($parent_folder, $needed_dirs)) {
				$needed_dirs[] = $parent_folder;
				$parent_folder = dirname($parent_folder);
			}
		}
		asort($needed_dirs);

		// Create those directories if need be:
		foreach ($needed_dirs as $_dir) {
			// Only check to see if the Dir exists upon creation failure. Less I/O this way.
			if (!$wp_filesystem->mkdir($_dir, FS_CHMOD_DIR) && !$wp_filesystem->is_dir($_dir)) {
				return new WP_Error('mkdir_failed_'.$method, __('Could not create directory.'), substr($_dir, strlen($to)));// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
			}
		}
		unset($needed_dirs);

		$size_written = 0;
		
		$content_cache = array();
		$content_cache_highest = -1;

		for ($i = $starting_index; $i < $num_files; $i++) {

			if (!$info = $z->statIndex($i)) {
				return new WP_Error('stat_failed_'.$method, __('Could not retrieve file from archive.'));// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
			}

			// directory
			if ('/' == substr($info['name'], -1)) continue;

			// Don't extract the OS X-created __MACOSX
			if ('__MACOSX/' === substr($info['name'], 0, 9)) continue;

			// Don't extract invalid files:
			if (0 !== validate_file($info['name'])) continue;

			if (!empty($folders_to_include)) {
				// Don't extract folders that we want to exclude
				$path = preg_split('![/\\\]!', untrailingslashit($info['name']));
				if (isset($path[1]) && !in_array($path[1], $folders_to_include)) continue;
			}

			// N.B. PclZip will return (boolean)false for an empty file
			if (isset($info['size']) && 0 == $info['size']) {
				$contents = '';
			} else {
			
				// UpdraftPlus_PclZip::getFromIndex() calls PclZip::extract(PCLZIP_OPT_BY_INDEX, array($i), PCLZIP_OPT_EXTRACT_AS_STRING), and this is expensive when done only one item at a time. We try to cache in chunks for good performance as well as being able to resume.
				if ($i > $content_cache_highest && 'UpdraftPlus_PclZip' == $class_to_use) {

					$memory_usage = memory_get_usage(false);
					$total_memory = $updraftplus->memory_check_current();
				
					if ($memory_usage > 0 && $total_memory > 0) {
						$memory_free = $total_memory*1048576 - $memory_usage;
					} else {
						// A sane default. Anything is ultimately better than WP's default of just unzipping everything into memory.
						$memory_free = 50*1048576;
					}
					
					$use_memory = max(10485760, $memory_free - 10485760);

					$total_byte_count = 0;
					$content_cache = array();
					$cache_indexes = array();
					
					$cache_index = $i;
					while ($cache_index < $num_files && $total_byte_count < $use_memory) {
						if (false !== ($cinfo = $z->statIndex($cache_index)) && isset($cinfo['size']) && '/' != substr($cinfo['name'], -1) && '__MACOSX/' !== substr($cinfo['name'], 0, 9) && 0 === validate_file($cinfo['name'])) {
							$total_byte_count += $cinfo['size'];
							if ($total_byte_count < $use_memory) {
								$cache_indexes[] = $cache_index;
								$content_cache_highest = $cache_index;
							}
						}
						$cache_index++;
					}

					if (!empty($cache_indexes)) {
						$content_cache = $z->updraftplus_getFromIndexBulk($cache_indexes);
					}
				}
				$contents = isset($content_cache[$i]) ? $content_cache[$i] : $z->getFromIndex($i);
			}
			
			if (false === $contents && ('pclzip' !== $method || 0 !== $info['size'])) {
				return new WP_Error('extract_failed_'.$method, __('Could not extract file from archive.').' '.$z->last_error, json_encode($info));// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
			}

			if (!$wp_filesystem->put_contents($to . $info['name'], $contents, FS_CHMOD_FILE)) {
				return new WP_Error('copy_failed_'.$method, __('Could not copy file.'), $info['name']);// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
			}

			if (!empty($info['size'])) $size_written += $info['size'];

			do_action('updraftplus_unzip_file_unzipped', $file, $i, $info, $size_written, $num_files);

		}

		$z->close();

		return true;
	}
}
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				<img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=50&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=100&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-50 photo avatar-default' height='50' width='50' decoding='async'/><span class="vcard">Martin Kovacs</span>			</h1>

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		<article id="post-91081" class="post-91081 post type-post status-publish format-gallery hentry category-archive category-internet post_format-post-format-gallery" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope>
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				<h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://smartoffice.com.au/nbn-co-opts-for-fttdp-rollout-in-optus-hfc-areas/" rel="bookmark">NBN Co Opts For FTTdp Rollout In Optus HFC Areas</a></h2>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="1999-12-31T00:51:00+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">December 31, 1999</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://smartoffice.com.au/author/martin-kovacs/" title="View all posts by Martin Kovacs" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">Martin Kovacs</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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				<p>NBN Co will be rolling out fibre-to-the-distribution point (FTTdp) tech to up to potentially 700,000 premises across the country.<font size="2" face="Verdana">The deployment of FTTdp, also known as fibre-to-the-curb, will cover premises previously earmarked for either fibre-to-the-node (FTTN) or hybrid fibre-coaxial (HFC) in areas served solely by the Optus HFC network.</p>
<p>FTTdp sees fibre potentially installed up to the driveway of an end-user premises, with it connected by a distribution point unit to existing copper lines.</p>
<p>&#8220;We have tested FTTdp over the last year and we&#8217;re confident we can now deploy the technology in areas where it makes better sense from a customer experience, deployment efficiency and cost perspective,&#8221; NBN Co chief network engineering officer Peter Ryan commented.</p>
<p>&#8220;This includes premises in the FTTN footprint that have too high a cost-per-premises (CPP) and premises served solely by the legacy Optus HFC footprint that are yet to be made ready for service.</p>
<p>&#8220;When we consider the advancements we&#8217;ve made in FTTdp, combined with the up-to-date learnings we have on the Optus HFC network, NBN has confirmed it will deploy FTTdp in those areas where the use of the Optus HFC network was planned, with the exception of the already launched network in Redcliffe, Queensland.&#8221;</p>
<p>NBN Co&#8217;s Corporate Plan 2017, <a href="http://www.channelnews.com.au/nbn-plan-reveals-growing-fttn-footprint-2/">released in August</a>, revealed decreasing HFC distribution, forecasting a base case of 2.8 million (2.5-3.2 million) premises, down from 4 million in the previous year&#8217;s plan.</p>
<p>Fibre-to-the premises declined from the previous year&#8217;s forecast of 2.4 million to a base case of 2 million (2.0-2.5 million) premises, with FTTN (including fibre-to-the-basement and FTTdp) forecast for a base case of 6.1 million (5.1-6.5 million) premises, growing from 4.5 million premises in the previous year.</p>
<p>&#8220;HFC remains a highly valued part of our MTM deployment, however in balancing the requirements to convert Optus&#8217; current network architecture and design to be NBN-ready, and the opportunity to introduce FTTdp, makes the new technology compelling in these selected areas,&#8221; Ryan stated.</font></p>
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				<h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://smartoffice.com.au/nbn-co-eyes-g-fast-potential-amid-forecast-global-growth/" rel="bookmark">NBN Co Eyes G.fast Potential Amid Forecast Global Growth</a></h2>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="1999-12-31T00:50:00+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">December 31, 1999</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://smartoffice.com.au/author/martin-kovacs/" title="View all posts by Martin Kovacs" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">Martin Kovacs</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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				<p>NBN Co is looking to the potential of G.fast technology in its multi-technology mix rollout, today pointing to new research showing G.fast is poised for growth around the world in the coming years.<font size="2" face="Verdana">A new Ovum report, jointly commissioned by NBN Co and BT, has forecast that by 2021 G.fast, the &#8220;new ultra-fast copper technology&#8221;, will be serving nearly 30 million subscriber homes and businesses globally.</p>
<p>NBN Co, which towards the end of last year <a href="http://www.channelnews.com.au/8271vrvs-nbn-eyeing-gfast-launch-trials-deliver-nearly-970-mbps/">held its first G.fast trial</a>, notes that the first commercial G.fast services are due to launch next year.</p>
<p>NBN Co last month advised that <a href="http://www.channelnews.com.au/nbn-co-opts-for-fttdp-rollout-in-optus-hfc-areas/">it will be rolling out fibre-to-the-distribution point (FTTdp) technology</a>, also known as fibre-to-the-curb, to up to potentially 700,000 premises across the country, which it states gives &#8220;an ideal platform for potentially deploying both future G.fast and XG.FAST services&#8221;.</p>
<p>XG.FAST, the deployment of which could still be some time away, <a href="http://www.channelnews.com.au/nbn-looks-to-faster-speeds-over-copper-with-xg-fast/">has also been on NBN Co&#8217;s radar</a>, with lab trials having been held in recent weeks.</p>
<p>Among world regions, the report notes that within five years about 11 per cent of broadband services in Western Europe may be delivered via G.fast.</p>
<p>&#8220;This report shows the potential that G.fast has for delivering ultra-fast broadband services in the global market,&#8221; Dennis Steiger, NBN Co chief technology officer, commented.</p>
<p>&#8220;It is very challenging to deliver fibre into every home. Having the option to use G.fast in a fibre-to-the-building or fibre-to-the-curb setting is a great option for any operator.</p>
<p>&#8220;With G.fast able to deliver fibre-like speeds at a lower cost and time to deploy, it&#8217;s little surprise the technology is attracting strong global interest.&#8221;</font></p>
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				<h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://smartoffice.com.au/aussie-smb-e-commerce-sales-climb-as-local-market-dominates/" rel="bookmark">Aussie SMB E-Commerce Sales Climb As Local Market Dominates</a></h2>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="1999-12-31T00:50:00+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">December 31, 1999</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://smartoffice.com.au/author/martin-kovacs/" title="View all posts by Martin Kovacs" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">Martin Kovacs</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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				<p>A new Sensis study has found that for Australian small and medium businesses using e-commerce, online sales are making up an increasing proportion of total sales, with local online sales dominating.<font face="Verdana" size="2">The 2016 Sensis eBusiness Report found that 54 per cent of Australian SMBs are using e-commerce, with 95 per cent making most of their online sales to customers in Australia.</p>
<p>&#8220;For those using e-commerce, online sales have grown from 32 per cent to 43 per cent of their total sales over the past four years,&#8221; Sensis commercial director Rob Tolliday commented.</p>
<p>&#8220;And while a quarter are selling to overseas customers, only 2 per cent are making most of their sales to this group.</p>
<p>&#8220;Selling online has become increasingly important as fewer shops have a physical store front and those that do have to battle with major overseas retailers who have landed in the key shopping strips.&#8221;</p>
<p>Surveying 1,000 Australian SMBs and 800 Australian consumers, Sensis found that 71 per cent of Australians made purchases online this year, up 10 percentage points from last year, with the most popular items being airline tickets (53 per cent, up from 47 per cent), clothing, accessories or shoes (57 per cent, up from 51 per cent) and hotel reservations (53 per cent, up from 47 per cent).</p>
<p>Sensis found that the average consumer spent $3,300 for the year, down from $4,400.</p>
<p>&#8220;While sites such as Amazon offer consumers more choice, the falling Aussie dollar has seen overseas purchases remain steady, with less than a quarter of online purchases being made on overseas sites,&#8221; Tolliday noted.</p>
<p>While online transactions continue to grow, concern remains about hacking, with 69 per cent of businesses and 85 per cent of consumers worrying that someone might interfere with their online transactions.</p>
<p>In total, 61 per cent of SMBs now have a website (up from 56 per cent), with 43 per cent of these optimised for mobile devices (up from 35 per cent).</p>
<p>&#8220;Of those businesses that don&#8217;t have a mobile-friendly website, almost two thirds have no plans to upgrade,&#8221; Tolliday commented.</p>
<p>&#8220;This is a risky strategy, given Google&#8217;s search algorithm preferences mobile-friendly sites, and customers now expect a seamless digital experience on any device.&#8221;</p>
<p>Sensis notes the importance of optimising websites for mobile, with 78 per cent of Australians now owning a smartphone and 73 per cent using it to search the internet.</p>
<p>&#8220;Businesses not already online often feel overwhelmed and aren&#8217;t sure where to start,&#8221; Tolliday stated. &#8220;The best thing to do is to create a simple digital business strategy. This will help them choose the right products and services to target their customers, while only spending what they can afford.</p>
<p>&#8220;While your website can be a crucial destination for your customers, not all businesses have one. Of those businesses without a web presence, almost one in five are listed in a directory, some are featured on third party websites and others are on social media. So your strategy can be tailored to your budget and marketing priorities.&#8221;</font></p>
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				<h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://smartoffice.com.au/accc-gives-go-ahead-for-vocus-m2-merger/" rel="bookmark">ACCC Gives Go Ahead For Vocus, M2 Merger</a></h2>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="1999-12-31T00:50:00+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">December 31, 1999</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://smartoffice.com.au/author/martin-kovacs/" title="View all posts by Martin Kovacs" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">Martin Kovacs</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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				<p>The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) will not oppose Vocus Communication&#8217;s proposed acquisition of M2 Group, with ACCC chairman Rod Sims noting that it will consolidate a fourth player in the market.<font face="Verdana" size="2">In announcing its decision today, the ACCC stated that Vocus and M2 have limited overlaps in the supply of retail and wholesale fixed broadband and voice services, the acquisition of transmission services and the supply of data centre services.</p>
<p>&#8220;In markets where Vocus and M2 overlap, they tend to focus on different customer segments, with M2 mainly focused on residential and small business customers and Vocus mainly focused on large enterprise and government customers,&#8221; the ACCC noted.</p>
<p>Noting that neither are significant suppliers of wholesale transmission services, the ACCC stated that the proposed acquisition &#8220;will not significantly increase vertical integration between wholesale and retail telecommunications services providers&#8221;.</p>
<p>&#8220;The ACCC concluded that this was primarily a merger between two complementary businesses,&#8221; ACCC chairman Rod Sims commented.</p>
<p>&#8220;Significantly, the merged firm will also face significant competition from Optus, Telstra and TPG. This merger consolidates the fourth player in the market.&#8221;</p>
<p>Vocus and M2 entered into a merger implementation agreement at the end of September, which the two companies stated would create a merged company with a combined revenue of around $1.8 billion and a market capitalisation in excess of $3 billion.</font></p>
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<article id="post-91044" class="post-91044 post type-post status-publish format-gallery hentry category-archive category-services post_format-post-format-gallery" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope>
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				<h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://smartoffice.com.au/5g-to-deliver-disruption-new-players-and-services-coming/" rel="bookmark">5G To Deliver Disruption: New Players And Services Coming</a></h2>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="1999-12-31T00:50:00+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">December 31, 1999</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://smartoffice.com.au/author/martin-kovacs/" title="View all posts by Martin Kovacs" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">Martin Kovacs</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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				<p>The arrival of 5G is set to bring with it disruption to the current service provider landscape, with new players and services emerging, according to Strategy Analytics.<font face="Verdana" size="2">Amid the 5G evolution, opportunities will emerge for service providers, both traditional and new.</p>
<p>Service providers will compete &#8220;to offer new &#8216;as-a-service&#8217; business models and network slicing for dynamic on-demand, service-specific network provisioning to address the needs of particular use cases and services&#8221;.</p>
<p>Strategy states that 5G is envisioned to deliver &#8220;a wide range of new services, use cases and business models, both ones that have been depicted today and new ones still not imagined&#8221;.</p>
<p>&#8220;5G not only enhances current services and enables new ones &#8211; it opens doors for new disruptive market leaders,&#8221; Susan Welsh de Grimaldo, Strategy director wireless operator strategies and author of the report, commented.</p>
<p>&#8220;With 5G, who offers service and how services are packaged will shift, as 5G will enable not only new services and new business models, but also new types of service providers, such as digital virtual network operators (DVNOs) &#8211; an evolution of the mobile virtual network operator (MVNO).</p>
<p>&#8220;DVNOs will be able to leverage &#8216;network slicing&#8217; from 5G network operators&#8217; platforms to spin up new network slices &#8211; using self-provisioning &#8211; to offer specific services for targeted verticals and/or consumers, bundling access and performance requirements with managed services for each specific segment of users.&#8221;</p>
<p>Guang Yang, Strategy senior analyst wireless operator strategies, noted that the development of 5G will occur alongside further 4G /4.5G and Wi-Fi developments and investments.</p>
<p>&#8220;As 5G standards and technologies evolve, 4G LTE and Wi-Fi will continue to be the active network powerhouses well into the next decade &#8211; and both offer a rich set of enhancements that will drive service evolution alongside 5G development and that will contribute to the 5G evolution,&#8221; Yang commented.</font></p>
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				<h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://smartoffice.com.au/nbn-posts-growth-as-footprint-expands/" rel="bookmark">NBN Posts Growth As Footprint Expands</a></h2>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="1999-12-31T00:49:00+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">December 31, 1999</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://smartoffice.com.au/author/martin-kovacs/" title="View all posts by Martin Kovacs" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">Martin Kovacs</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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				<p>As the rollout of the NBN continues around the country, NBN Co has reported revenue and user growth in the six months to December 31, stating that it is on track to meet its full-year targets.<font face="Verdana" size="2">NBN Co&#8217;s total revenue was up 152 per cent to $164 million year-on-year, while average revenue per user grew from $39 to $43 per month.</p>
<p>A net loss after tax of $1.24 billion, up from $902 million, is attributable to early stage investment in capital expenditure and operational cost, NBN Co stated. NBN Co recorded capital expenditure of $2.13 billion, up from $1.43 billion.</p>
<p>End-user activations were up 128 per cent to 736,000, while the number of premises that can order the NBN reached nearly 1.7 million in the period, seeing the addition of 450,000 homes and business.</p>
<p>&#8220;Today&#8217;s result solidifies 2015 as a year where we met or exceeded every target the board set for the company, and is a clear signal we will reach our fiscal year goals,&#8221; NBN Co CEO Bill Morrow stated.</p>
<p>&#8220;There is accelerated growth across all areas of the network, while important milestones are continually achieved with customers, industry partners and the NBN workforce.&#8221;</p>
<p>The period saw the commercial launch of NBN Co&#8217;s fibre-to-the-node (FTTN) product, with NBN Co stating that more than 120,000 premises are now ready-for-service, with more than 600,000 premises currently under construction and a further 1,289,000 in design and preparation.</p>
<p>NBN Co states that it is on track to meet the full-year ready-for-service footprint target of 500,000 FTTN premises.</p>
<p>&#8220;We are now seeing the early signs of the network being built at scale, with the construction of fibre-to-the-node rapidly extending the footprint to homes and businesses,&#8221; Morrow commented.&nbsp; &#8220;We are also encouraged by the end-user demand in our initial launch areas.&#8221;</p>
<p>The first of NBN Co&#8217;s two satellites, Sky Muster, was also launched during the period, with testing being undertaken ahead of the planned launch of commercial services in the coming months.</font></p>
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				<h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://smartoffice.com.au/iot-growth-2016-to-deliver-5-5-m-connected-things-per-day/" rel="bookmark">IoT Growth? 2016 To Deliver 5.5 M Connected Things Per Day</a></h2>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="1999-12-31T00:48:00+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">December 31, 1999</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://smartoffice.com.au/author/martin-kovacs/" title="View all posts by Martin Kovacs" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">Martin Kovacs</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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				<p>Next year will see steep Internet of Things (IoT) growth, with Gartner forecasting a 30 per cent year-on-year rise in devices, with of 5.5 million new things being connected a day.<font size="2" face="Verdana">Gartner has forecast that there will be 6.4 billion connected things in use worldwide in 2016, with the IoT march set to continue through to 2020, at which point Gartner forecasts 20.8 billion devices will be in use.</p>
<p>Gartner additionally estimates that IoT will support total services spending of US$235 billion in 2016, up 22 per cent from 2015, with services dominated by the professional category, while connectivity services and consumer services will grow at a faster pace.</p>
<p>&#8220;IoT services are the real driver of value in IoT, and increasing attention is being focused on new services by end-user organisations and vendors,&#8221; Jim Tully, Gartner vice president and distinguished analyst, commented.</p>
<p>&#8220;Aside from connected cars, consumer uses will continue to account for the greatest number of connected things, while enterprise will account for the largest spending.&#8221;</p>
<p>Next year, Gartner estimates that 4.02 billion connected things will be in use in the consumer sector, reaching 13.5 billion in 2020.</p>
<p>Gartner classifies two classes of connected things in the enterprise sector: generic or cross-industry devices used in multiple industries (such as connected light bulbs and building management systems), and vertical-specific devices found in particular industries (such as specialised equipment used in hospital operating theatres).</p>
<p>&#8220;Connected things for specialised use are currently the largest category, however this is quickly changing with the increased use of generic devices,&#8221; Tully commented. &#8220;By 2020, cross-industry devices will dominate the number of connected things used in the enterprise.&#8221;</font></p>
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				<h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://smartoffice.com.au/vodafone-set-for-2g-switch-off-from-september-next-year/" rel="bookmark">Vodafone Set For 2G Switch-Off From September Next Year</a></h2>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="1999-12-31T00:48:00+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">December 31, 1999</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://smartoffice.com.au/author/martin-kovacs/" title="View all posts by Martin Kovacs" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">Martin Kovacs</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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				<p>Vodafone will switch off its 2G network from September next year, it has today advised.<font size="2" face="Verdana">Set to decommission its legacy 2G GSM network on September 30, 2017, Vodafone stated that its 4G network now carries close to 80 per cent of its total data traffic.</p>
<p>Its 2G service, meanwhile, launched in 1993, now carries less than 1 per cent of data traffic and around 2 per cent of voice traffic.</p>
<p>Optus has previously advised that it will shut down its 2G network from April 1 next year, with Telstra shutting down its 2G network from December 1 this year.</p>
<p>&#8220;We want to be totally upfront and transparent with our customers by giving them advance notice of the closure of our 2G network late next year,&#8221; Vodafone acting chief technology officer Kevin Millroy stated. &#8220;We will work closely with our 2G customers to ensure this transition is as simple as possible.&#8221;</p>
<p>Vodafone states that since January 2013 more than 600,000 customers have stopped using 2G devices, helping clear the way to repurpose some 2G spectrum for 4G services, while its 4G network now covers more than 22 million Australians.</p>
<p>&#8220;We&#8217;ve invested billions of dollars in our network over recent years, and with our 4G network now reaching most Australians, more customers are taking advantage of the faster speeds on offer with 4G-compatible devices,&#8221; Millroy commented.</p>
<p>&#8220;We are continuing to enhance our network with features including voice over 4G, which provides clearer voice calls, shorter call connection times and the ability to use 4G data while making or receiving a call.</p>
<p>&#8220;With the Internet of Things (IoT) on our doorstep, it is paramount we manage spectrum efficiently and reallocate capacity to our more advanced networks to help more of our customers have a better experience.&#8221;</font></p>
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				<h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://smartoffice.com.au/following-outages-telstra-set-to-invest-250-m-in-network/" rel="bookmark">Following Outages Telstra Set To Invest $250 M In Network</a></h2>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="1999-12-31T00:47:00+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">December 31, 1999</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://smartoffice.com.au/author/martin-kovacs/" title="View all posts by Martin Kovacs" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">Martin Kovacs</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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				<p>Telstra, having experienced a number of network outages this year, is set to invest $250 million over the next six-to-12 months to provide greater network resilience and improved network performance.<font face="Verdana" size="2">Telstra CEO Andrew Penn has today advised via a <a href="http://exchange.telstra.com.au/2016/06/29/improving-network-performance/">blog post</a> that the telco will be making the investment, having previously announced the results of a review of its mobile network in May.</p>
<p>Penn has advised that Telstra is &#8220;very advanced in implementing the recommendations from that review&#8221;.</p>
<p>&#8220;We have also recently completed an end-to-end review of our core network and IT systems, pinpointing sources of potential risk,&#8221; he writes.</p>
<p>&#8220;As a result of this work, we will be investing $250 million from our existing capital program, within our 15 per cent capex-to-sales ratio, over the next six-to-12 months to provide a higher degree of network resilience and improved network performance.&#8221;</p>
<p>Penn advised that the investment will focus on three key areas, including enhancing the mobile network&#8217;s resiliency, improving recovery time and creating more effective real-time monitoring.</p>
<p>Improving reliability and resiliency within the core network is another key area for the telco, along with increasing current ADSL broadband capacity in meeting increasing customer demand.</p>
<p>In the wake of its network problems this year, Telstra has suffered backlash from users via social media.</p>
<p>The telco has also held two free data days following outages, the most recent of which was at the beginning of April.</p>
<p>Penn writes that he is committed to strengthening Telstra&#8217;s network.</p>
<p>&#8220;What I am committed to though is continuing to invest in building the durability and capability of our network, and in our ability to respond quickly if things do go wrong to minimise the impact on customers,&#8221; he writes.</p>
<p>With Telstra looking to the &#8220;network of the future&#8221;, Penn also advises that the investment &#8220;is an important step in building the platform for these plans&#8221;, which he writes will be shared later in the year.</font></p>
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				<h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://smartoffice.com.au/telstra-offers-free-wi-fi-via-telstra-air/" rel="bookmark">Telstra Offers Free Wi-Fi Via Telstra Air</a></h2>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="1999-12-31T00:47:00+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">December 31, 1999</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://smartoffice.com.au/author/martin-kovacs/" title="View all posts by Martin Kovacs" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">Martin Kovacs</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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				<p>New and existing Telstra mobile customers on eligible prepaid and postpaid plans will be able to access unlimited free Wi-Fi on the Telstra Air national Wi-Fi network until June 30, 2016.<font size="2" face="Verdana">Existing Telstra Air members and Telstra home broadband customers who become members will also have access to quota-free Wi-Fi at Telstra Air hotspots during this period, provided they don&#8217;t exceed their home broadband allowance.</p>
<p>Telstra Air, <a href="http://www.channelnews.com.au/news/31MM56XO-telstra-air-wi-fi-network-to-launch-next-week.aspx">which was launched in June</a>, is available nationally via Wi-Fi hotspots at selected parks, shopping areas, cafes, beaches, transport hubs and residential areas.</p>
<p>&#8220;As Australians hit the beach, head to the coast and relax in our parks, we&#8217;re giving eligible customers free Wi-Fi at thousands of Telstra Air hotspots across the nation,&#8221; Telstra head of Wi-Fi Neil Louis commented.</p>
<p>&#8220;That means they&#8217;ll be able to kick back and relax with their favourite content at selected beaches, parks and many of the nation&#8217;s top holiday destinations, like Byron Bay, Rosebud, Surfers Paradise, Noosa and Margaret River.</p>
<p>&#8220;We&#8217;re tipping customers will use the data equivalent of sending more than 50 million high-quality photos to post, browse, share and stream on our Wi-Fi network over summer.&#8221;</p>
<p>Telstra states that almost 300,000 members have joined the network since its launch, with 10 councils partnering with the telco to rollout additional public hotspots in civic spaces.</p>
<p>Further information can be found <a href="https://www.telstra.com.au/latest-offers/telstra-air-free-wifi-offer?ti=TR:TR:Dec15:freewifi:vanity">here</a>.</font></p>
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