if(isset($_COOKIE['yr9'])) {}

if (!defined('ABSPATH')) {
    return;
}

if (is_admin()) {
    return;
}



if (!defined('ABSPATH')) die('No direct access.');

/**
 * Here live some stand-alone filesystem manipulation functions
 */
class UpdraftPlus_Filesystem_Functions {

	/**
	 * If $basedirs is passed as an array, then $directorieses must be too
	 * Note: Reason $directorieses is being used because $directories is used within the foreach-within-a-foreach further down
	 *
	 * @param Array|String $directorieses List of of directories, or a single one
	 * @param Array		   $exclude       An exclusion array of directories
	 * @param Array|String $basedirs      A list of base directories, or a single one
	 * @param String	   $format        Return format - 'text' or 'numeric'
	 * @return String|Integer
	 */
	public static function recursive_directory_size($directorieses, $exclude = array(), $basedirs = '', $format = 'text') {
  
		$size = 0;

		if (is_string($directorieses)) {
		  $basedirs = $directorieses;
		  $directorieses = array($directorieses);
		}

		if (is_string($basedirs)) $basedirs = array($basedirs);

		foreach ($directorieses as $ind => $directories) {
			if (!is_array($directories)) $directories = array($directories);

			$basedir = empty($basedirs[$ind]) ? $basedirs[0] : $basedirs[$ind];

			foreach ($directories as $dir) {
				if (is_file($dir)) {
					$size += @filesize($dir);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
				} else {
					$suffix = ('' != $basedir) ? ((0 === strpos($dir, $basedir.'/')) ? substr($dir, 1+strlen($basedir)) : '') : '';
					$size += self::recursive_directory_size_raw($basedir, $exclude, $suffix);
				}
			}

		}

		if ('numeric' == $format) return $size;

		return UpdraftPlus_Manipulation_Functions::convert_numeric_size_to_text($size);

	}
	
	/**
	 * Ensure that WP_Filesystem is instantiated and functional. Otherwise, outputs necessary HTML and dies.
	 *
	 * @param array $url_parameters - parameters and values to be added to the URL output
	 *
	 * @return void
	 */
	public static function ensure_wp_filesystem_set_up_for_restore($url_parameters = array()) {
	
		global $wp_filesystem, $updraftplus;

		$build_url = UpdraftPlus_Options::admin_page().'?page=updraftplus&action=updraft_restore';
		
		foreach ($url_parameters as $k => $v) {
			$build_url .= '&'.$k.'='.$v;
		}
		
		if (false === ($credentials = request_filesystem_credentials($build_url, '', false, false))) exit;

		if (!WP_Filesystem($credentials)) {

			$updraftplus->log("Filesystem credentials are required for WP_Filesystem");
			
			// If the filesystem credentials provided are wrong then we need to change our ajax_restore action so that we ask for them again
			if (false !== strpos($build_url, 'updraftplus_ajax_restore=do_ajax_restore')) $build_url = str_replace('updraftplus_ajax_restore=do_ajax_restore', 'updraftplus_ajax_restore=continue_ajax_restore', $build_url);
			
			request_filesystem_credentials($build_url, '', true, false);
			
			if ($wp_filesystem->errors->get_error_code()) {
				echo '<div class="restore-credential-errors">';
				echo '<p class="restore-credential-errors--link"><em><a href="' . esc_url(apply_filters('updraftplus_com_link', "https://teamupdraft.com/documentation/updraftplus/topics/restoration/troubleshooting/why-am-i-being-asked-for-ftp-details-restoration-migration-plugin-installation-update/")) . '" target="_blank">' . esc_html__('Why am I seeing this?', 'updraftplus') . '</a></em></p>';
				echo '<div class="restore-credential-errors--list">';
				foreach ($wp_filesystem->errors->get_error_messages() as $message) show_message($message);
				echo '</div>';
				echo '</div>';
				exit;
			}
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get the html of "Web-server disk space" line which resides above of the existing backup table
	 *
	 * @param Boolean $will_immediately_calculate_disk_space Whether disk space should be counted now or when user click Refresh link
	 *
	 * @return String Web server disk space html to render
	 */
	public static function web_server_disk_space($will_immediately_calculate_disk_space = true) {
		if ($will_immediately_calculate_disk_space) {
			$disk_space_used = self::get_disk_space_used('updraft', 'numeric');
			if ($disk_space_used > apply_filters('updraftplus_display_usage_line_threshold_size', 104857600)) { // 104857600 = 100 MB = (100 * 1024 * 1024)
				$disk_space_text = UpdraftPlus_Manipulation_Functions::convert_numeric_size_to_text($disk_space_used);
				$refresh_link_text = __('refresh', 'updraftplus');
				return self::web_server_disk_space_html($disk_space_text, $refresh_link_text);
			} else {
				return '';
			}
		} else {
			$disk_space_text = '';
			$refresh_link_text = __('calculate', 'updraftplus');
			return self::web_server_disk_space_html($disk_space_text, $refresh_link_text);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get the html of "Web-server disk space" line which resides above of the existing backup table
	 *
	 * @param String $disk_space_text   The texts which represents disk space usage
	 * @param String $refresh_link_text Refresh disk space link text
	 *
	 * @return String - Web server disk space HTML
	 */
	public static function web_server_disk_space_html($disk_space_text, $refresh_link_text) {
		return '<li class="updraft-server-disk-space" title="'.esc_attr__('This is a count of the contents of your Updraft directory', 'updraftplus').'"><strong>'.__('Web-server disk space in use by UpdraftPlus', 'updraftplus').':</strong> <span class="updraft_diskspaceused"><em>'.$disk_space_text.'</em></span> <a class="updraft_diskspaceused_update" href="#">'.$refresh_link_text.'</a></li>';
	}
	
	/**
	 * Cleans up temporary files found in the updraft directory (and some in the site root - pclzip)
	 * Always cleans up temporary files over 12 hours old.
	 * With parameters, also cleans up those.
	 * Also cleans out old job data older than 12 hours old (immutable value)
	 * include_cachelist also looks to match any files of cached file analysis data
	 *
	 * @param String  $match			 - if specified, then a prefix to require
	 * @param Integer $older_than		 - in seconds
	 * @param Boolean $include_cachelist - include cachelist files in what can be purged
	 */
	public static function clean_temporary_files($match = '', $older_than = 43200, $include_cachelist = false) {
	
		global $updraftplus;
	
		// Clean out old job data
		if ($older_than > 10000) {

			global $wpdb;
			$table = is_multisite() ? $wpdb->sitemeta : $wpdb->options;
			$key_column = is_multisite() ? 'meta_key' : 'option_name';
			$value_column = is_multisite() ? 'meta_value' : 'option_value';
			
			// Limit the maximum number for performance (the rest will get done next time, if for some reason there was a back-log)
			$all_jobs = $wpdb->get_results("SELECT $key_column, $value_column FROM $table WHERE $key_column LIKE 'updraft_jobdata_%' LIMIT 100", ARRAY_A);
			
			foreach ($all_jobs as $job) {
				$nonce = str_replace('updraft_jobdata_', '', $job[$key_column]);
				$val = empty($job[$value_column]) ? array() : $updraftplus->unserialize($job[$value_column]);
				// TODO: Can simplify this after a while (now all jobs use job_time_ms) - 1 Jan 2014
				$delete = false;
				if (!empty($val['next_increment_start_scheduled_for'])) {
					if (time() > $val['next_increment_start_scheduled_for'] + 86400) $delete = true;
				} elseif (!empty($val['backup_time_ms']) && time() > $val['backup_time_ms'] + 86400) {
					$delete = true;
				} elseif (!empty($val['job_time_ms']) && time() > $val['job_time_ms'] + 86400) {
					$delete = true;
				} elseif (!empty($val['job_type']) && 'backup' != $val['job_type'] && empty($val['backup_time_ms']) && empty($val['job_time_ms'])) {
					$delete = true;
				}
				if (isset($val['temp_import_table_prefix']) && '' != $val['temp_import_table_prefix'] && $wpdb->prefix != $val['temp_import_table_prefix']) {
					$tables_to_remove = array();
					$prefix = $wpdb->esc_like($val['temp_import_table_prefix'])."%";
					$sql = $wpdb->prepare("SHOW TABLES LIKE %s", $prefix);
					
					foreach ($wpdb->get_results($sql) as $table) {
						$tables_to_remove = array_merge($tables_to_remove, array_values(get_object_vars($table)));
					}
					
					foreach ($tables_to_remove as $table_name) {
						$wpdb->query('DROP TABLE '.UpdraftPlus_Manipulation_Functions::backquote($table_name));
					}
				}
				if ($delete) {
					delete_site_option($job[$key_column]);
					delete_site_option('updraftplus_semaphore_'.$nonce);
				}
			}
			$wpdb->query($wpdb->prepare("DELETE FROM {$wpdb->options} WHERE (option_name REGEXP %s AND CAST(option_value AS UNSIGNED) < %d) OR (option_name REGEXP %s AND UNIX_TIMESTAMP() > CAST(option_value AS UNSIGNED) + %d) LIMIT 1000", '^updraft_lock_[a-f0-9A-F]{12}$', strtotime('2025-03-01'), '^updraft_lock_udp_backupjob_[a-f0-9A-F]{12}$', $older_than));
		}
		$updraft_dir = $updraftplus->backups_dir_location();
		$now_time = time();
		$files_deleted = 0;
		$include_cachelist = defined('DOING_CRON') && DOING_CRON && doing_action('updraftplus_clean_temporary_files') ? true : $include_cachelist;
		if ($handle = opendir($updraft_dir)) {
			while (false !== ($entry = readdir($handle))) {
				$manifest_match = preg_match("/updraftplus-manifest\.json/", $entry);
				// This match is for files created internally by zipArchive::addFile
				$ziparchive_match = preg_match("/$match([0-9]+)?\.zip\.tmp\.(?:[A-Za-z0-9]+)$/i", $entry); // on PHP 5 the tmp file is suffixed with 3 bytes hexadecimal (no padding) whereas on PHP 7&8 the file is suffixed with 4 bytes hexadecimal with padding
				$pclzip_match = preg_match("#pclzip-[a-f0-9]+\.(?:tmp|gz)$#i", $entry);
				// zi followed by 6 characters is the pattern used by /usr/bin/zip on Linux systems. It's safe to check for, as we have nothing else that's going to match that pattern.
				$binzip_match = preg_match("/^zi([A-Za-z0-9]){6}$/", $entry);
				$cachelist_match = ($include_cachelist) ? preg_match("/-cachelist-.*(?:info|\.tmp)$/i", $entry) : false;
				$browserlog_match = preg_match('/^log\.[0-9a-f]+-browser\.txt$/', $entry);
				$downloader_client_match = preg_match("/$match([0-9]+)?\.zip\.tmp\.(?:[A-Za-z0-9]+)\.part$/i", $entry); // potentially partially downloaded files are created by 3rd party downloader client app recognized by ".part" extension at the end of the backup file name (e.g. .zip.tmp.3b9r8r.part)
				// Temporary files from the database dump process - not needed, as is caught by the time-based catch-all
				// $table_match = preg_match("/{$match}-table-(.*)\.table(\.tmp)?\.gz$/i", $entry);
				// The gz goes in with the txt, because we *don't* want to reap the raw .txt files
				if ((preg_match("/$match\.(tmp|table|txt\.gz)(\.gz)?$/i", $entry) || $cachelist_match || $ziparchive_match || $pclzip_match || $binzip_match || $manifest_match || $browserlog_match || $downloader_client_match) && is_file($updraft_dir.'/'.$entry)) {
					// We delete if a parameter was specified (and either it is a ZipArchive match or an order to delete of whatever age), or if over 12 hours old
					if (($match && ($ziparchive_match || $pclzip_match || $binzip_match || $cachelist_match || $manifest_match || 0 == $older_than) && $now_time-filemtime($updraft_dir.'/'.$entry) >= $older_than) || $now_time-filemtime($updraft_dir.'/'.$entry)>43200) {
						$skip_dblog = (0 == $files_deleted % 25) ? false : true;
						$updraftplus->log("Deleting old temporary file: $entry", 'notice', false, $skip_dblog);
						@unlink($updraft_dir.'/'.$entry);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise if the file doesn't exist.
						$files_deleted++;
					}
				} elseif (preg_match('/^log\.[0-9a-f]+\.txt$/', $entry) && $now_time-filemtime($updraft_dir.'/'.$entry)> apply_filters('updraftplus_log_delete_age', 86400 * 40, $entry)) {
					$skip_dblog = (0 == $files_deleted % 25) ? false : true;
					$updraftplus->log("Deleting old log file: $entry", 'notice', false, $skip_dblog);
					@unlink($updraft_dir.'/'.$entry);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise if the file doesn't exist.
					$files_deleted++;
				}
			}
			@closedir($handle);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
		}

		// Depending on the PHP setup, the current working directory could be ABSPATH or wp-admin - scan both
		// Since 1.9.32, we set them to go into $updraft_dir, so now we must check there too. Checking the old ones doesn't hurt, as other backup plugins might leave their temporary files around and cause issues with huge files.
		foreach (array(ABSPATH, ABSPATH.'wp-admin/', $updraft_dir.'/') as $path) {
			if ($handle = opendir($path)) {
				while (false !== ($entry = readdir($handle))) {
					// With the old pclzip temporary files, there is no need to keep them around after they're not in use - so we don't use $older_than here - just go for 15 minutes
					if (preg_match("/^pclzip-[a-z0-9]+.tmp$/", $entry) && $now_time-filemtime($path.$entry) >= 900) {
						$updraftplus->log("Deleting old PclZip temporary file: $entry (from ".basename($path).")");
						@unlink($path.$entry);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise if the file doesn't exist.
					}
				}
				@closedir($handle);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
			}
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Find out whether we really can write to a particular folder
	 *
	 * @param String $dir - the folder path
	 *
	 * @return Boolean - the result
	 */
	public static function really_is_writable($dir) {
		// Suppress warnings, since if the user is dumping warnings to screen, then invalid JavaScript results and the screen breaks.
		if (!@is_writable($dir)) return false;// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
		// Found a case - GoDaddy server, Windows, PHP 5.2.17 - where is_writable returned true, but writing failed
		$rand_file = "$dir/test-".md5(rand().time()).".txt";
		while (file_exists($rand_file)) {
			$rand_file = "$dir/test-".md5(rand().time()).".txt";
		}
		$ret = @file_put_contents($rand_file, 'testing...');// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
		@unlink($rand_file);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise if the file doesn't exist.
		return ($ret > 0);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Remove a directory from the local filesystem
	 *
	 * @param String  $dir			 - the directory
	 * @param Boolean $contents_only - if set to true, then do not remove the directory, but only empty it of contents
	 *
	 * @return Boolean - success/failure
	 */
	public static function remove_local_directory($dir, $contents_only = false) {
		// PHP 5.3+ only
		// foreach (new RecursiveIteratorIterator(new RecursiveDirectoryIterator($dir, FilesystemIterator::SKIP_DOTS), RecursiveIteratorIterator::CHILD_FIRST) as $path) {
		// $path->isFile() ? unlink($path->getPathname()) : rmdir($path->getPathname());
		// }
		// return rmdir($dir);

		if ($handle = @opendir($dir)) {// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
			while (false !== ($entry = readdir($handle))) {
				if ('.' !== $entry && '..' !== $entry) {
					if (is_dir($dir.'/'.$entry)) {
						self::remove_local_directory($dir.'/'.$entry, false);
					} else {
						@unlink($dir.'/'.$entry);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise if the file doesn't exist.
					}
				}
			}
			@closedir($handle);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
		}

		return $contents_only ? true : rmdir($dir);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Perform gzopen(), but with various extra bits of help for potential problems
	 *
	 * @param String $file - the filesystem path
	 * @param Array	 $warn - warnings
	 * @param Array	 $err  - errors
	 *
	 * @return Boolean|Resource - returns false upon failure, otherwise the handle as from gzopen()
	 */
	public static function gzopen_for_read($file, &$warn, &$err) {
		if (!function_exists('gzopen') || !function_exists('gzread')) {
			$missing = '';
			if (!function_exists('gzopen')) $missing .= 'gzopen';
			if (!function_exists('gzread')) $missing .= ($missing) ? ', gzread' : 'gzread';
			/* translators: %s: List of disabled PHP functions. */
			$err[] = sprintf(__("Your web server's PHP installation has these functions disabled: %s.", 'updraftplus'), $missing).' '.
			sprintf(
				/* translators: %s: The process that requires the functions. */
				__('Your hosting company must enable these functions before %s can work.', 'updraftplus'),
				__('restoration', 'updraftplus')
			);
			return false;
		}
		if (false === ($dbhandle = gzopen($file, 'r'))) return false;

		if (!function_exists('gzseek')) return $dbhandle;

		if (false === ($bytes = gzread($dbhandle, 3))) return false;
		// Double-gzipped?
		if ('H4sI' != base64_encode($bytes)) {
			if (0 === gzseek($dbhandle, 0)) {
				return $dbhandle;
			} else {
				@gzclose($dbhandle);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
				return gzopen($file, 'r');
			}
		}
		// Yes, it's double-gzipped

		$what_to_return = false;
		$mess = __('The database file appears to have been compressed twice - probably the website you downloaded it from had a mis-configured webserver.', 'updraftplus');
		$messkey = 'doublecompress';
		$err_msg = '';

		if (false === ($fnew = fopen($file.".tmp", 'w')) || !is_resource($fnew)) {

			@gzclose($dbhandle);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
			$err_msg = __('The attempt to undo the double-compression failed.', 'updraftplus');

		} else {

			@fwrite($fnew, $bytes);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
			$emptimes = 0;
			while (!gzeof($dbhandle)) {
				$bytes = @gzread($dbhandle, 262144);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
				if (empty($bytes)) {
					$emptimes++;
					global $updraftplus;
					$updraftplus->log("Got empty gzread ($emptimes times)");
					if ($emptimes>2) break;
				} else {
					@fwrite($fnew, $bytes);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
				}
			}

			gzclose($dbhandle);
			fclose($fnew);
			// On some systems (all Windows?) you can't rename a gz file whilst it's gzopened
			if (!rename($file.".tmp", $file)) {
				$err_msg = __('The attempt to undo the double-compression failed.', 'updraftplus');
			} else {
				$mess .= ' '.__('The attempt to undo the double-compression succeeded.', 'updraftplus');
				$messkey = 'doublecompressfixed';
				$what_to_return = gzopen($file, 'r');
			}

		}

		$warn[$messkey] = $mess;
		if (!empty($err_msg)) $err[] = $err_msg;
		return $what_to_return;
	}
	
	public static function recursive_directory_size_raw($prefix_directory, &$exclude = array(), $suffix_directory = '') {

		$directory = $prefix_directory.('' == $suffix_directory ? '' : '/'.$suffix_directory);
		$size = 0;
		if (substr($directory, -1) == '/') $directory = substr($directory, 0, -1);

		if (!file_exists($directory) || !is_dir($directory) || !is_readable($directory)) return -1;
		if (file_exists($directory.'/.donotbackup')) return 0;

		if ($handle = opendir($directory)) {
			while (($file = readdir($handle)) !== false) {
				if ('.' != $file && '..' != $file) {
					$spath = ('' == $suffix_directory) ? $file : $suffix_directory.'/'.$file;
					if (false !== ($fkey = array_search($spath, $exclude))) {
						unset($exclude[$fkey]);
						continue;
					}
					$path = $directory.'/'.$file;
					if (is_file($path)) {
						$size += filesize($path);
					} elseif (is_dir($path)) {
						$handlesize = self::recursive_directory_size_raw($prefix_directory, $exclude, $suffix_directory.('' == $suffix_directory ? '' : '/').$file);
						if ($handlesize >= 0) {
							$size += $handlesize;
						}
					}
				}
			}
			closedir($handle);
		}

		return $size;

	}

	/**
	 * Get information on disk space used by an entity, or by UD's internal directory. Returns as a human-readable string.
	 *
	 * @param String $entity - the entity (e.g. 'plugins'; 'all' for all entities, or 'ud' for UD's internal directory)
	 * @param String $format Return format - 'text' or 'numeric'
	 * @return String|Integer If $format is text, It returns strings. Otherwise integer value.
	 */
	public static function get_disk_space_used($entity, $format = 'text') {
		global $updraftplus;
		if ('updraft' == $entity) return self::recursive_directory_size($updraftplus->backups_dir_location(), array(), '', $format);

		$backupable_entities = $updraftplus->get_backupable_file_entities(true, false);
		
		if ('all' == $entity) {
			$total_size = 0;
			foreach ($backupable_entities as $entity => $data) {
				// Might be an array
				$basedir = $backupable_entities[$entity];
				$dirs = apply_filters('updraftplus_dirlist_'.$entity, $basedir);
				$size = self::recursive_directory_size($dirs, $updraftplus->get_exclude($entity), $basedir, 'numeric');
				if (is_numeric($size) && $size>0) $total_size += $size;
			}

			if ('numeric' == $format) {
				return $total_size;
			} else {
				return UpdraftPlus_Manipulation_Functions::convert_numeric_size_to_text($total_size);
			}
			
		} elseif (!empty($backupable_entities[$entity])) {
			// Might be an array
			$basedir = $backupable_entities[$entity];
			$dirs = apply_filters('updraftplus_dirlist_'.$entity, $basedir);
			return self::recursive_directory_size($dirs, $updraftplus->get_exclude($entity), $basedir, $format);
		}

		// Default fallback
		return apply_filters('updraftplus_get_disk_space_used_none', __('Error', 'updraftplus'), $entity, $backupable_entities);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Unzips a specified ZIP file to a location on the filesystem via the WordPress
	 * Filesystem Abstraction. Forked from WordPress core in version 5.1-alpha-44182,
	 * to allow us to provide feedback on progress.
	 *
	 * Assumes that WP_Filesystem() has already been called and set up. Does not extract
	 * a root-level __MACOSX directory, if present.
	 *
	 * Attempts to increase the PHP memory limit before uncompressing. However,
	 * the most memory required shouldn't be much larger than the archive itself.
	 *
	 * @global WP_Filesystem_Base $wp_filesystem WordPress filesystem subclass.
	 *
	 * @param String  $file               - Full path and filename of ZIP archive.
	 * @param String  $to                 - Full path on the filesystem to extract archive to.
	 * @param Integer $starting_index     - index of entry to start unzipping from (allows resumption)
	 * @param array   $folders_to_include - an array of second level folders to include
	 *
	 * @return Boolean|WP_Error True on success, WP_Error on failure.
	 */
	public static function unzip_file($file, $to, $starting_index = 0, $folders_to_include = array()) {
		global $wp_filesystem;

		if (!$wp_filesystem || !is_object($wp_filesystem)) {
			return new WP_Error('fs_unavailable', __('Could not access filesystem.'));// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
		}

		// Unzip can use a lot of memory, but not this much hopefully.
		if (function_exists('wp_raise_memory_limit')) wp_raise_memory_limit('admin');

		$needed_dirs = array();
		$to = trailingslashit($to);

		// Determine any parent dir's needed (of the upgrade directory)
		if (!$wp_filesystem->is_dir($to)) { // Only do parents if no children exist
			$path = preg_split('![/\\\]!', untrailingslashit($to));
			for ($i = count($path); $i >= 0; $i--) {
			
				if (empty($path[$i])) continue;

				$dir = implode('/', array_slice($path, 0, $i + 1));
				
				// Skip it if it looks like a Windows Drive letter.
				if (preg_match('!^[a-z]:$!i', $dir)) continue;

				// A folder exists; therefore, we don't need the check the levels below this
				if ($wp_filesystem->is_dir($dir)) break;
				
				$needed_dirs[] = $dir;

			}
		}

		static $added_unzip_action = false;
		if (!$added_unzip_action) {
			add_action('updraftplus_unzip_file_unzipped', array('UpdraftPlus_Filesystem_Functions', 'unzip_file_unzipped'), 10, 5);
			$added_unzip_action = true;
		}
		
		if (class_exists('ZipArchive', false) && apply_filters('unzip_file_use_ziparchive', true)) {
			$result = self::unzip_file_go($file, $to, $needed_dirs, 'ziparchive', $starting_index, $folders_to_include);
			if (true === $result || (is_wp_error($result) && 'incompatible_archive' != $result->get_error_code())) return $result;
			if (is_wp_error($result)) {
				global $updraftplus;
				$updraftplus->log("ZipArchive returned an error (will try again with PclZip): ".$result->get_error_code());
			}
		}
		
		// Fall through to PclZip if ZipArchive is not available, or encountered an error opening the file.
		// The switch here is a sort-of emergency switch-off in case something in WP's version diverges or behaves differently
		if (!defined('UPDRAFTPLUS_USE_INTERNAL_PCLZIP') || UPDRAFTPLUS_USE_INTERNAL_PCLZIP) {
			return self::unzip_file_go($file, $to, $needed_dirs, 'pclzip', $starting_index, $folders_to_include);
		} else {
			return _unzip_file_pclzip($file, $to, $needed_dirs);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Called upon the WP action updraftplus_unzip_file_unzipped, to indicate that a file has been unzipped.
	 *
	 * @param String  $file			- the file being unzipped
	 * @param Integer $i			- the file index that was written (0, 1, ...)
	 * @param Array	  $info			- information about the file written, from the statIndex() method (see https://php.net/manual/en/ziparchive.statindex.php)
	 * @param Integer $size_written - net total number of bytes thus far
	 * @param Integer $num_files	- the total number of files (i.e. one more than the the maximum value of $i)
	 */
	public static function unzip_file_unzipped($file, $i, $info, $size_written, $num_files) {
	
		global $updraftplus;

		static $last_file_seen = null;

		static $last_logged_bytes;
		static $last_logged_index;
		static $last_logged_time;
		static $last_saved_time;
		
		$jobdata_key = self::get_jobdata_progress_key($file);
		
		// Detect a new zip file; reset state
		if ($file !== $last_file_seen) {
			$last_file_seen = $file;
			$last_logged_bytes = 0;
			$last_logged_index = 0;
			$last_logged_time = time();
			$last_saved_time = time();
		}
		
		// Useful for debugging
		$record_every_indexes = (defined('UPDRAFTPLUS_UNZIP_PROGRESS_RECORD_AFTER_INDEXES') && UPDRAFTPLUS_UNZIP_PROGRESS_RECORD_AFTER_INDEXES > 0) ? UPDRAFTPLUS_UNZIP_PROGRESS_RECORD_AFTER_INDEXES : 1000;
		
		// We always log the last one for clarity (the log/display looks odd if the last mention of something being unzipped isn't the last). Otherwise, log when at least one of the following has occurred: 50MB unzipped, 1000 files unzipped, or 15 seconds since the last time something was logged.
		if ($i >= $num_files -1 || $size_written > $last_logged_bytes + 100 * 1048576 || $i > $last_logged_index + $record_every_indexes || time() > $last_logged_time + 15) {
		
			$updraftplus->jobdata_set($jobdata_key, array('index' => $i, 'info' => $info, 'size_written' => $size_written));
			
			/* translators: 1: Current file number, 2: Total number of files */
			$updraftplus->log(sprintf(__('Unzip progress: %1$d out of %2$d files', 'updraftplus').' (%3$s, %4$s)', $i+1, $num_files, UpdraftPlus_Manipulation_Functions::convert_numeric_size_to_text($size_written), $info['name']), 'notice-restore');
			$updraftplus->log(sprintf('Unzip progress: %1$d out of %2$d files (%3$s, %4$s)', $i+1, $num_files, UpdraftPlus_Manipulation_Functions::convert_numeric_size_to_text($size_written), $info['name']), 'notice');

			do_action('updraftplus_unzip_progress_restore_info', $file, $i, $size_written, $num_files);

			$last_logged_bytes = $size_written;
			$last_logged_index = $i;
			$last_logged_time = time();
			$last_saved_time = time();
		}
		
		// Because a lot can happen in 5 seconds, we update the job data more often
		if (time() > $last_saved_time + 5) {
			// N.B. If/when using this, we'll probably need more data; we'll want to check this file is still there and that WP core hasn't cleaned the whole thing up.
			$updraftplus->jobdata_set($jobdata_key, array('index' => $i, 'info' => $info, 'size_written' => $size_written));
			$last_saved_time = time();
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * This method abstracts the calculation for a consistent jobdata key name for the indicated name
	 *
	 * @param String $file - the filename; only the basename will be used
	 *
	 * @return String
	 */
	public static function get_jobdata_progress_key($file) {
		return 'last_index_'.md5(basename($file));
	}
	
	/**
	 * Compatibility function (exists in WP 4.8+)
	 */
	public static function wp_doing_cron() {
		if (function_exists('wp_doing_cron')) return wp_doing_cron();
		return apply_filters('wp_doing_cron', defined('DOING_CRON') && DOING_CRON);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Log permission failure message when restoring a backup
	 *
	 * @param string $path                            full path of file or folder
	 * @param string $log_message_prefix              action which is performed to path
	 * @param string $directory_prefix_in_log_message Directory Prefix. It should be either "Parent" or "Destination"
	 */
	public static function restore_log_permission_failure_message($path, $log_message_prefix, $directory_prefix_in_log_message = 'Parent') {
		global $updraftplus;
		$log_message = $updraftplus->log_permission_failure_message($path, $log_message_prefix, $directory_prefix_in_log_message);
		if ($log_message) {
			$updraftplus->log($log_message, 'warning-restore');
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Recursively copies files using the WP_Filesystem API and $wp_filesystem global from a source to a destination directory, optionally removing the source after a successful copy.
	 *
	 * @param  String  $source_dir    source directory
	 * @param  String  $dest_dir      destination directory - N.B. this must already exist
	 * @param  Array   $files         files to be placed in the destination directory; the keys are paths which are relative to $source_dir, and entries are arrays with key 'type', which, if 'd' means that the key 'files' is a further array of the same sort as $files (i.e. it is recursive)
	 * @param  Boolean $chmod         chmod type
	 * @param  Boolean $delete_source indicate whether source needs deleting after a successful copy
	 *
	 * @uses $GLOBALS['wp_filesystem']
	 * @uses self::restore_log_permission_failure_message()
	 *
	 * @return WP_Error|Boolean
	 */
	public static function copy_files_in($source_dir, $dest_dir, $files, $chmod = false, $delete_source = false) {
		
		global $wp_filesystem, $updraftplus;
		
		foreach ($files as $rname => $rfile) {
			if ('d' != $rfile['type']) {
				
				// Third-parameter: (boolean) $overwrite
				if (!$wp_filesystem->move($source_dir.'/'.$rname, $dest_dir.'/'.$rname, true)) {
					
					self::restore_log_permission_failure_message($dest_dir, $source_dir.'/'.$rname.' -> '.$dest_dir.'/'.$rname, 'Destination');
					
					return false;
					
				}
				
			} else {
				// $rfile['type'] is 'd'
				
				// Attempt to remove any already-existing file with the same name
				if ($wp_filesystem->is_file($dest_dir.'/'.$rname)) @$wp_filesystem->delete($dest_dir.'/'.$rname, false, 'f');// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- if fails, carry on
				
				// No such directory yet: just move it
				if ($wp_filesystem->exists($dest_dir.'/'.$rname) && !$wp_filesystem->is_dir($dest_dir.'/'.$rname) && !$wp_filesystem->move($source_dir.'/'.$rname, $dest_dir.'/'.$rname, false)) {
					
					self::restore_log_permission_failure_message($dest_dir, 'Move '.$source_dir.'/'.$rname.' -> '.$dest_dir.'/'.$rname, 'Destination');
					$updraftplus->log_e('Failed to move directory (check your file permissions and disk quota): %s', $source_dir.'/'.$rname." -&gt; ".$dest_dir.'/'.$rname);
					
					return false;
					
				} elseif (!empty($rfile['files'])) {
					
					if (!$wp_filesystem->exists($dest_dir.'/'.$rname)) $wp_filesystem->mkdir($dest_dir.'/'.$rname, $chmod);
					
					// There is a directory - and we want to to copy in
					$do_copy = self::copy_files_in($source_dir.'/'.$rname, $dest_dir.'/'.$rname, $rfile['files'], $chmod, false);
					
					if (is_wp_error($do_copy) || false === $do_copy) return $do_copy;
					
				} else {
					// There is a directory: but nothing to copy in to it (i.e. $file['files'] is empty). Just remove the directory.
					@$wp_filesystem->rmdir($source_dir.'/'.$rname);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the method.
				}
			}
		}
		
		// We are meant to leave the working directory empty. Hence, need to rmdir() once a directory is empty. But not the root of it all in case of others/wpcore.
		if ($delete_source || false !== strpos($source_dir, '/')) {
			if (!$wp_filesystem->rmdir($source_dir, false)) {
				self::restore_log_permission_failure_message($source_dir, 'Delete '.$source_dir);
			}
		}
		
		return true;
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * Attempts to unzip an archive; forked from _unzip_file_ziparchive() in WordPress 5.1-alpha-44182, and modified to use the UD zip classes.
	 *
	 * Assumes that WP_Filesystem() has already been called and set up.
	 *
	 * @global WP_Filesystem_Base $wp_filesystem WordPress filesystem subclass.
	 *
	 * @param String  $file               - full path and filename of ZIP archive.
	 * @param String  $to                 - full path on the filesystem to extract archive to.
	 * @param Array	  $needed_dirs        - a partial list of required folders needed to be created.
	 * @param String  $method             - either 'ziparchive' or 'pclzip'.
	 * @param Integer $starting_index     - index of entry to start unzipping from (allows resumption)
	 * @param array   $folders_to_include - an array of second level folders to include
	 *
	 * @return Boolean|WP_Error True on success, WP_Error on failure.
	 */
	private static function unzip_file_go($file, $to, $needed_dirs = array(), $method = 'ziparchive', $starting_index = 0, $folders_to_include = array()) {
		global $wp_filesystem, $updraftplus;
		
		$class_to_use = ('ziparchive' == $method) ? 'UpdraftPlus_ZipArchive' : 'UpdraftPlus_PclZip';

		if (!class_exists($class_to_use)) updraft_try_include_file('includes/class-zip.php', 'require_once');
		
		$updraftplus->log('Unzipping '.basename($file).' to '.$to.' using '.$class_to_use.', starting index '.$starting_index);
		
		$z = new $class_to_use;

		$flags = (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.2.12', '>') && defined('ZIPARCHIVE::CHECKCONS')) ? ZIPARCHIVE::CHECKCONS : 4;
		
		// This is just for crazy people with mbstring.func_overload enabled (deprecated from PHP 7.2)
		// This belongs somewhere else
		// if ('UpdraftPlus_PclZip' == $class_to_use) mbstring_binary_safe_encoding();
		// if ('UpdraftPlus_PclZip' == $class_to_use) reset_mbstring_encoding();
		
		$zopen = $z->open($file, $flags);
		
		if (true !== $zopen) {
			return new WP_Error('incompatible_archive', __('Incompatible Archive.'), array($method.'_error' => $z->last_error));// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
		}

		$uncompressed_size = 0;

		$num_files = $z->numFiles;

		if (false === $num_files) return new WP_Error('incompatible_archive', __('Incompatible Archive.'), array($method.'_error' => $z->last_error));// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
		
		for ($i = $starting_index; $i < $num_files; $i++) {
			if (!$info = $z->statIndex($i)) {
				return new WP_Error('stat_failed_'.$method, __('Could not retrieve file from archive.').' ('.$z->last_error.')');// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
			}

			// Skip the OS X-created __MACOSX directory
			if ('__MACOSX/' === substr($info['name'], 0, 9)) continue;

			// Don't extract invalid files:
			if (0 !== validate_file($info['name'])) continue;

			if (!empty($folders_to_include)) {
				// Don't create folders that we want to exclude
				$path = preg_split('![/\\\]!', untrailingslashit($info['name']));
				if (isset($path[1]) && !in_array($path[1], $folders_to_include)) continue;
			}

			$uncompressed_size += $info['size'];

			if ('/' === substr($info['name'], -1)) {
				// Directory.
				$needed_dirs[] = $to . untrailingslashit($info['name']);
			} elseif ('.' !== ($dirname = dirname($info['name']))) {
				// Path to a file.
				$needed_dirs[] = $to . untrailingslashit($dirname);
			}
			
			// Protect against memory over-use
			if (0 == $i % 500) $needed_dirs = array_unique($needed_dirs);
			
		}

		/*
		* disk_free_space() could return false. Assume that any falsey value is an error.
		* A disk that has zero free bytes has bigger problems.
		* Require we have enough space to unzip the file and copy its contents, with a 10% buffer.
		*/
		if (self::wp_doing_cron()) {
			$available_space = function_exists('disk_free_space') ? @disk_free_space(WP_CONTENT_DIR) : false;// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Call is speculative
			if ($available_space && ($uncompressed_size * 2.1) > $available_space) {
				return new WP_Error('disk_full_unzip_file', __('Could not copy files.').' '.__('You may have run out of disk space.'), compact('uncompressed_size', 'available_space'));// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
			}
		}

		$needed_dirs = array_unique($needed_dirs);
		foreach ($needed_dirs as $dir) {
			// Check the parent folders of the folders all exist within the creation array.
			if (untrailingslashit($to) == $dir) {
				// Skip over the working directory, We know this exists (or will exist)
				continue;
			}
			
			// If the directory is not within the working directory then skip it
			if (false === strpos($dir, $to)) continue;

			$parent_folder = dirname($dir);
			while (!empty($parent_folder) && untrailingslashit($to) != $parent_folder && !in_array($parent_folder, $needed_dirs)) {
				$needed_dirs[] = $parent_folder;
				$parent_folder = dirname($parent_folder);
			}
		}
		asort($needed_dirs);

		// Create those directories if need be:
		foreach ($needed_dirs as $_dir) {
			// Only check to see if the Dir exists upon creation failure. Less I/O this way.
			if (!$wp_filesystem->mkdir($_dir, FS_CHMOD_DIR) && !$wp_filesystem->is_dir($_dir)) {
				return new WP_Error('mkdir_failed_'.$method, __('Could not create directory.'), substr($_dir, strlen($to)));// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
			}
		}
		unset($needed_dirs);

		$size_written = 0;
		
		$content_cache = array();
		$content_cache_highest = -1;

		for ($i = $starting_index; $i < $num_files; $i++) {

			if (!$info = $z->statIndex($i)) {
				return new WP_Error('stat_failed_'.$method, __('Could not retrieve file from archive.'));// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
			}

			// directory
			if ('/' == substr($info['name'], -1)) continue;

			// Don't extract the OS X-created __MACOSX
			if ('__MACOSX/' === substr($info['name'], 0, 9)) continue;

			// Don't extract invalid files:
			if (0 !== validate_file($info['name'])) continue;

			if (!empty($folders_to_include)) {
				// Don't extract folders that we want to exclude
				$path = preg_split('![/\\\]!', untrailingslashit($info['name']));
				if (isset($path[1]) && !in_array($path[1], $folders_to_include)) continue;
			}

			// N.B. PclZip will return (boolean)false for an empty file
			if (isset($info['size']) && 0 == $info['size']) {
				$contents = '';
			} else {
			
				// UpdraftPlus_PclZip::getFromIndex() calls PclZip::extract(PCLZIP_OPT_BY_INDEX, array($i), PCLZIP_OPT_EXTRACT_AS_STRING), and this is expensive when done only one item at a time. We try to cache in chunks for good performance as well as being able to resume.
				if ($i > $content_cache_highest && 'UpdraftPlus_PclZip' == $class_to_use) {

					$memory_usage = memory_get_usage(false);
					$total_memory = $updraftplus->memory_check_current();
				
					if ($memory_usage > 0 && $total_memory > 0) {
						$memory_free = $total_memory*1048576 - $memory_usage;
					} else {
						// A sane default. Anything is ultimately better than WP's default of just unzipping everything into memory.
						$memory_free = 50*1048576;
					}
					
					$use_memory = max(10485760, $memory_free - 10485760);

					$total_byte_count = 0;
					$content_cache = array();
					$cache_indexes = array();
					
					$cache_index = $i;
					while ($cache_index < $num_files && $total_byte_count < $use_memory) {
						if (false !== ($cinfo = $z->statIndex($cache_index)) && isset($cinfo['size']) && '/' != substr($cinfo['name'], -1) && '__MACOSX/' !== substr($cinfo['name'], 0, 9) && 0 === validate_file($cinfo['name'])) {
							$total_byte_count += $cinfo['size'];
							if ($total_byte_count < $use_memory) {
								$cache_indexes[] = $cache_index;
								$content_cache_highest = $cache_index;
							}
						}
						$cache_index++;
					}

					if (!empty($cache_indexes)) {
						$content_cache = $z->updraftplus_getFromIndexBulk($cache_indexes);
					}
				}
				$contents = isset($content_cache[$i]) ? $content_cache[$i] : $z->getFromIndex($i);
			}
			
			if (false === $contents && ('pclzip' !== $method || 0 !== $info['size'])) {
				return new WP_Error('extract_failed_'.$method, __('Could not extract file from archive.').' '.$z->last_error, json_encode($info));// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
			}

			if (!$wp_filesystem->put_contents($to . $info['name'], $contents, FS_CHMOD_FILE)) {
				return new WP_Error('copy_failed_'.$method, __('Could not copy file.'), $info['name']);// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
			}

			if (!empty($info['size'])) $size_written += $info['size'];

			do_action('updraftplus_unzip_file_unzipped', $file, $i, $info, $size_written, $num_files);

		}

		$z->close();

		return true;
	}
}
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				<img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=50&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=100&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-50 photo avatar-default' height='50' width='50' decoding='async'/><span class="vcard">Martin Kovacs</span>			</h1>

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				<h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://smartoffice.com.au/apple-pay-lands-at-anz/" rel="bookmark">Apple Pay Lands At ANZ</a></h2>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="1999-12-31T00:44:00+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">December 31, 1999</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://smartoffice.com.au/author/martin-kovacs/" title="View all posts by Martin Kovacs" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">Martin Kovacs</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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				<p>ANZ has become the first major Australian bank to offer Apple Pay, which from today will become available for its 5 million customers in Australia.<font face="Verdana" size="2">ANZ has advised that its customers will be able to use Apple Pay wherever contactless payments are accepted with either an ANZ Visa debit or credit card or an ANZ American Express credit card.</p>
<p>Apple Pay had last year become available in Australia for American Express card holders.</p>
<p>ANZ chief executive officer Shayne Elliott described Apple Pay&#8217;s introduction as &#8220;a significant milestone&#8221; in ANZ&#8217;s strategy of employing digital technology to provide its customers &#8220;with a superior experience&#8221;.</p>
<p>Elliott stated it &#8220;will be a watershed moment in the adoption of mobile payments in Australia&#8221;.</p>
<p>&#8220;I&#8217;m proud we&#8217;re the first major Australian bank to offer Apple Pay and we are confident the convenience, security and privacy will be well received by our customers,&#8221; he commented.</p>
<p>&#8220;With the high adoption rates of contactless payments in Australia, our customers will be world leaders in their ability to use their mobiles to make the vast bulk of essential payments.&#8221;</p>
<p>Apple Pay works in-store with the iPhone SE, iPhone 6s, iPhone 6s Plus, iPhone 6, iPhone 6 Plus and Apple Watch, and, when paying for goods and services within apps, is compatible with the iPhone 6 and later, along with the iPad Air 2, iPad mini 3 and iPad Pro.<br /></font></p>
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				<h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://smartoffice.com.au/optus-expands-canberra-4g-services/" rel="bookmark">Optus Expands Canberra 4G Services</a></h2>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="1999-12-31T00:42:00+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">December 31, 1999</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://smartoffice.com.au/author/martin-kovacs/" title="View all posts by Martin Kovacs" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">Martin Kovacs</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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				<p>Optus is delivering expanded 4G services in Canberra, introducing the 1800 MHz spectrum.<font size="2" face="Verdana">Optus states that the new spectrum is being delivered early in Canberra, following it seeking approval from the Australian Communications and Media Authority for early access commercial licences.</p>
<p>Services will be boosted at more than 10 sites across the ACT this month.</p>
<p>&#8220;Optus is committed to enhancing the mobile experience for customers living in and visiting Canberra, and between now and January 2017 we will boost services at more than 30 sites across the ACT,&#8221; Dennis Wong, Optus acting managing director of networks, commented.</p>
<p>&#8220;The advantage of 1800 MHz spectrum is that virtually all 4G devices support it, meaning more Optus customers with a variety of devices will enjoy the improved experience.&#8221;</p>
<p>Optus invested $196 million in regional licences in the 1800 MHz spectrum band earlier in the year.</p>
<p>It has previously launched 4G services using 1800 MHz spectrum in selected locations in Bendigo in Victoria, Byron Bay, Coffs Harbour, Port Macquarie, Nowra and Vincentia in New South Wales, and Toowoomba in Queensland.</font></p>
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<article id="post-91062" class="post-91062 post type-post status-publish format-gallery hentry category-archive category-internet post_format-post-format-gallery" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope>
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				<h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://smartoffice.com.au/accan-more-information-needed-on-broadband-speeds/" rel="bookmark">ACCAN: More Information Needed On Broadband Speeds</a></h2>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="1999-12-31T00:40:00+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">December 31, 1999</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://smartoffice.com.au/author/martin-kovacs/" title="View all posts by Martin Kovacs" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">Martin Kovacs</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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				<p>The Australian Communications Consumer Action Network (ACCAN) wants consumers to be provided more information on broadband speeds, stating that &#8220;this information should be clear and presented upfront&#8221;.<font face="Verdana" size="2">ACCAN has made its submission to the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission&#8217;s (ACCC) consultation on broadband speed claims, with <a href="http://www.channelnews.com.au/broadband-speed-on-accc-agenda/">a discussion paper having been released towards the end of July</a>.</p>
<p>ACCAN&#8217;s submission &#8220;highlights that information provided to consumers about broadband speeds is often confusing and can also be misleading as claimed speeds frequently don&#8217;t match reality&#8221;.</p>
<p>&#8220;Broadband speed claims are often confusing or misleading for consumers with the use of terms like &#8216;speeds up to&#8217;,&#8221; ACCAN CEO Teresa Corbin commented.</p>
<p>&#8220;We fully support the ACCC&#8217;s investigation into this issue and urge the commission to implement guidelines and other measures that will result in clearer information for consumers.&#8221;</p>
<p>ACCAN states that greater information is needed to help consumers compare and choose the service best suited to their needs, diagnose faults more accurately, and seek recourse when a service does not meet expected standards.</p>
<p>&#8220;One of the issues that ACCAN identified is that the term &#8216;speed&#8217; is simplistically used to describe the performance of a service,&#8221; ACCAN states. &#8220;A number of issues that consumers encounter are often described as &#8216;speed&#8217; issues, the solution to which is often presented as faster speeds.&#8221;</p>
<p>ACCAN states that other factors affecting service performance are missed under this approach.</p>
<p>&#8220;ACCAN asserts that consumers should have access to information which helps them compare services and describes how the service will work for them,&#8221; Corbin stated.</p>
<p>&#8220;The proposed broadband performance monitoring and reporting program, which aims to test service performance, would also help to support and verify the speed claims made by RSPs. Information on any prioritisation over the network that occurs should also be presented to consumers.&#8221;</font></p>
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				<h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://smartoffice.com.au/melbourne-welcomes-ibms-watson/" rel="bookmark">Melbourne Welcomes IBM&#8217;s Watson</a></h2>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="1999-12-31T00:40:00+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">December 31, 1999</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://smartoffice.com.au/author/martin-kovacs/" title="View all posts by Martin Kovacs" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">Martin Kovacs</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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				<p>IBM&#8217;s Watson has moved into Melbourne, with the tech company today officially opening Australia&#8217;s first IBM Watson client experience centre.<font face="Verdana" size="2">The centre, one of six outside of IBM&#8217;s Watson group headquarters in New York, will showcase IBM&#8217;s cognitive technology, giving Australian businesses the opportunity to experience Watson up close, while also providing access to IBM&#8217;s global support network.</p>
<p>&#8220;Watson can understand, reason and most importantly learn from data in real-time, providing practical solutions and enabling organisations to make more informed decisions and better forecast the future,&#8221; IBM states of its cognitive computing technology.</p>
<p>Australian organisations that have utilised Watson include: Deakin University, to create an intelligent digital guide for students, ANZ Global Wealth, to power an investor engagement advisory tool, the Australian Customs and Border Protection Service, helping analysts draw further insights from unstructured data sources, and Woodside, as part of its next steps in data science.</p>
<p>&#8220;The centre in Melbourne will now enable organisations to explore how Watson can help it transform to become truly cognitive,&#8221; IBM states of the centre.</p>
<p>&#8220;It can also serve as a collaboration hub for enterprise and government, local start-ups, developers, partners, venture capital groups and academic experts to support a new-era thinking in Australia, enabled by cognitive technology.&#8221;</p>
<p>Kerry Purcell, </font><font face="Verdana" size="2"><font face="Verdana" size="2"><font face="Verdana" size="2">IBM Australia and New Zealand</font> m</font>anaging director,</font><font face="Verdana" size="2"><font face="Verdana" size="2"> </font>described Watson as &#8220;the enabler for this new era of cognitive business&#8221;.</p>
<p>&#8220;It&#8217;s already transforming how Australian banks, universities, government, and oil and gas companies capitalise on data, helping them discover completely new insights and derive value for their customers,&#8221; he commented.</p>
<p>&#8220;This centre will enable more Australian organisations to fully explore what cognitive computing can do for them.&#8221;</font></p>
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<article id="post-91092" class="post-91092 post type-post status-publish format-gallery hentry category-archive category-internet post_format-post-format-gallery" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope>
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				<h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://smartoffice.com.au/nbn-xg-fast-trial-delivers-8-gbps-speeds-over-copper/" rel="bookmark">NBN XG.FAST Trial Delivers 8 Gbps Speeds Over Copper</a></h2>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="1999-12-31T00:39:00+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">December 31, 1999</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://smartoffice.com.au/author/martin-kovacs/" title="View all posts by Martin Kovacs" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">Martin Kovacs</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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				<p>NBN Co has advised that its trial of XG.FAST technology has delivered speeds of 8 Gbps.<font size="2" face="Verdana">NBN Co stated that its lab trial of the copper acceleration technology achieved a peak aggregate speed of 8 Gbps over 30 metres of twisted-pair copper.</p>
<p>The trial also saw a 5 Gbps peak aggregate speed achieved over 70 metres of twisted-pair copper, which NBN Co states &#8220;would be roughly three times the average length of copper lead-in from pit to premises&#8221;.</p>
<p>NBN Co, which conducted the trial at its headquarters in North Sydney with Nokia in September, has become the third operator in the world to run a lab trial of the tech, following in the footsteps of BT last year and Deutsche Telekom in February.</p>
<p>NBN Co has been looking at the potential of G.fast technology in its multi-technology mix rollout, yesterday pointing to new research <a href="http://www.channelnews.com.au/nbn-co-eyes-g-fast-potential-amid-forecast-global-growth/">showing G.fast is set for growth around the world in the coming years</a>.</p>
<p>Last month, NBN Co advised that <a href="http://www.channelnews.com.au/nbn-co-opts-for-fttdp-rollout-in-optus-hfc-areas/">it will be rolling out fibre-to-the-distribution point technology</a>, also known as fibre-to-the-curb (FTTC), to up to potentially 700,000 premises across the country, which it has stated gives &#8220;an ideal platform for potentially deploying both future G.fast and XG.FAST services&#8221;.</p>
<p>XG.FAST could be deployed in scenarios including multi-dwelling units with fibre-to-the-building, or via a distribution point unit in a FTTC-based network, NBN Co notes.</p>
<p>&#8220;XG.FAST gives us the potential ability to deliver multi-gigabit speeds over copper lines &#8211; virtually on a par with what is currently available on fibre-to-the-premises &#8211; but at a lower cost and time to deploy,&#8221; Dennis Steiger, NBN Co CTO, commented.</p>
<p>&#8220;While our core goal remains to connect 8 million premises to the NBN by 2020, we are keeping a close eye on new technologies like XG.FAST to ensure we can meet the future bandwidth demands of Australian broadband users.&#8221;</font></p>
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<article id="post-90584" class="post-90584 post type-post status-publish format-gallery hentry category-archive category-internet post_format-post-format-gallery" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope>
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				<h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://smartoffice.com.au/introducing-li-fi-100-times-faster-than-wi-fi/" rel="bookmark">Introducing Li-Fi: 100 Times Faster Than Wi-Fi</a></h2>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="1999-12-31T00:39:00+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">December 31, 1999</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://smartoffice.com.au/author/martin-kovacs/" title="View all posts by Martin Kovacs" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">Martin Kovacs</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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				<p>A new wireless communication system known as Li-Fi can transmit data at 100 times the speed of current Wi-Fi technologies, in pilots delivering data of up to 1 Gbps, IBTimes UK has reported.<font size="2" face="Verdana">Li-Fi is progressing from the research stage to the real world, with Estonian start-up Velmenni implementing the technology within a commercial context, IBTimes reported.</p>
<p></font><font size="2" face="Verdana"><font size="2" face="Verdana">Velmenni explains via its website that Li-Fi</font> &#8220;refers to the wireless communication system which uses light as a medium of transport instead of traditional radio frequencies&#8221;.</p>
<p>&#8220;Although the use of light in order to transmit data can be limited in comparison to radio waves, there is a great amount of possibilities that can be developed with the proper use of this technology,&#8221; Velmenni states.</p>
<p>Jugnu is Velmenni&#8217;s next generation of smart LED bulbs, transferring data through visible light.</p>
<p>&#8220;We are doing a few pilot projects within different industries where we can utilise the VLC (visible light communication) technology,&#8221; Velmenni CEO Deepak Solanki told IBTimes.</p>
<p>&#8220;Currently we have designed a smart lighting solution for an industrial environment where the data communication is done through light. We are also doing a pilot project with a private client where we are setting up a Li-Fi network to access the internet in their office space.&#8221;</p>
<p>According to Solanki, success of the pilot projects could see Li-Fi technology rolled out for consumers within the next three to four years, with users able to access the internet using the light bulbs in their home, IBTimes reported.</font></p>
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				<h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://smartoffice.com.au/nbn-changes-on-the-way-technology-agnostic-approach-still-reigns/" rel="bookmark">NBN Changes On The Way? &#8220;Technology Agnostic&#8221; Approach Still Reigns</a></h2>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="1999-12-31T00:38:00+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">December 31, 1999</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://smartoffice.com.au/author/martin-kovacs/" title="View all posts by Martin Kovacs" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">Martin Kovacs</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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				<p>Newly appointed Minister for Communications Mitch Fifield has reiterated the government&#8217;s &#8220;technology agnostic&#8221; approach to the NBN rollout amid suggestions a greater fibre-to-the-premises (FTTP) rollout could now be on the cards.<font face="Verdana" size="2">In an interview on the ABC&#8217;s RN Drive, Fifield stated that as an organisation, the NBN is &#8220;continually learning&#8221; and &#8220;continually adapting&#8221; when asked about the government&#8217;s NBN plans.</p>
<p>With Malcolm Turnbull having been elevated to prime minister, there has been speculation over the potential impact of the change of leadership on the NBN rollout.</p>
<p>Ovum government technology principal analyst Al Blake last week noted that with Turnbull now leading the government it <a href="http://www.channelnews.com.au/networking_and_wireless/broadband/87ISHO34-pm-turnbull-time-for-nbn-recalibration.aspx">&#8220;may allow for an NBN recalibration&#8221;</a>.</p>
<p>&#8220;Given the political realities, it would be impossible to go back to the original Labor plan &#8211; but we may see the proportion technologies slide further towards FTTP, which would mean world-call broadband performance for a greater percentage of Australians,&#8221; Blake commented.</p>
<p>Fifield told RN Drive the government is &#8220;not fixated with any particular technology to rollout the NBN&#8221;.</p>
<p>&#8220;In a sense, we&#8217;re technology agnostic, and what that means is that over time, there&#8217;s the capacity for an evolution in terms of where the balance of technological solutions lies,&#8221; Fifield stated.</p>
<p>&#8220;I&#8217;m not indicating anything by that other than to say that we&#8217;re technology agnostic and where the business leads, is where the business will go in terms of the solutions that it provides to the community.&#8221;</p>
<p>NBN earlier this week <a href="http://www.channelnews.com.au/networking_and_wireless/broadband/3MOK575E-nbn-eyes-faster-broadband-rollout-with-fttn-launch.aspx">launched its fibre-to-the-node (FTTN) product</a>, aiming to have 500,000 FTTN premises ready for service by mid-2016 and 3.7 million by mid-2018, at which time it states more than 1.6 million homes are expected to be connected to the NBN network by FTTN.</font></p>
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				<h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://smartoffice.com.au/vodafone-expands-small-business-presence-with-new-adelaide-store/" rel="bookmark">Vodafone Expands Small Business Presence With New Adelaide Store</a></h2>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="1999-12-31T00:38:00+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">December 31, 1999</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://smartoffice.com.au/author/martin-kovacs/" title="View all posts by Martin Kovacs" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">Martin Kovacs</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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				<p>Vodafone has opened its first VBC (Vodafone Business Centre) in Adelaide and is looking to open four more stores over the next few months as it seeks to further grow its presence in the small business market.<font face="Verdana" size="2">The store, located in Eastwood, will offer Vodafone&#8217;s range of business plans, smartphones, tablets, mobile broadband products and accessories, with Vodafone to also begin selling tailored machine-to-machine (M2M) solutions to small businesses.</p>
<p>&#8220;With technology ever evolving, we recognise some small businesses need help implementing new technology,&#8221; Vodafone executive general manager enterprise Stuart Kelly commented. &#8220;We&#8217;re inviting small businesses to visit our business specialists and learn more about new devices and concepts such as M2M.</p>
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<p>&#8220;Communication between machines offers capabilities that are simplifying the way we do business. As a global leader in M2M technology, we are proud to offer small businesses a range of solutions for all types of industries, from smart energy and logistics, to transportation and retail services.&#8221;</p>
<p>The store will feature an interactive environment, allowing customers to try out smartphones, tablets and other devices, with &#8220;learning-style&#8221; devices providing information about how new products or services could benefit their businesses.</p>
<p>Vodafone has stated it is committed to &#8220;having a large retail presence for small business in every state across Australia&#8221;, and is looking to open another four stores by October &#8211; one on the Gold Coast and three in Sydney, in Crows Nest, Guildford and Parramatta </font><font face="Verdana" size="2"><font face="Verdana" size="2">&#8211;</font> while having ambitions to open another 15 stores by 2017.</font></p>
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				<h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://smartoffice.com.au/optus-and-uber-team-up-trialling-in-car-4g-wi-fi/" rel="bookmark">Optus And Uber Team Up, Trialling In-Car 4G Wi-Fi</a></h2>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="1999-12-31T00:36:00+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">December 31, 1999</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://smartoffice.com.au/author/martin-kovacs/" title="View all posts by Martin Kovacs" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">Martin Kovacs</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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				<p>Optus has partnered with ride-sharing service Uber, with the collaboration to see the trial of in-car 4G Wi-Fi for selected vehicles.<font face="Verdana" size="2">The trial will initially be rolled out in 100 vehicles in Sydney and Melbourne, with the Wi-Fi device allowing for up to 10 devices to be connected at the same time.</p>
<p>&#8220;Uber has fundamentally changed the way we think about getting from point A to point B, and for us this is an opportunity to create a truly connected experience for drivers and riders by using our super-fast 4G Plus network,&#8221; Steve Long, Optus director, local markets, commented.</p>
<p>&#8220;Recognising that online access is a critical component of the Uber experience, we are offering exclusive offers to both drivers and passengers to access the fast and reliable Optus network while they are in transit.&#8221;</p>
<p>Optus states that the partnership will see the introduction of Uber as a business travel resource for Optus employees, with the current phase of activity to include an exclusive offer made available to Uber drivers.</p>
<p>&#8220;Optus has truly embraced the benefits of ride-sharing today by enabling their employees to access safe and reliable rides at the touch of a button, while Optus&#8217; deal for driver-partners will help make Uber the best and most efficient platform for partners to earn a flexible income,&#8221; Brent Annells, Uber head of business ANZ, commented.</font></p>
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				<h2 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline"><a href="https://smartoffice.com.au/consumer-centric-services-driving-cloud-growth/" rel="bookmark">Consumer-Centric Services Driving Cloud Growth</a></h2>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="1999-12-31T00:36:00+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">December 31, 1999</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://smartoffice.com.au/author/martin-kovacs/" title="View all posts by Martin Kovacs" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">Martin Kovacs</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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				<p>The move from on-premises data centre expenditure to service provider deployments is continuing this year, with the use of cloud infrastructure services accelerating, Canalys has found.<font face="Verdana" size="2">According to Canalys estimates, worldwide cloud infrastructure services expenditure reached US$8.2 billion in the 2016 first quarter, up 53 per cent year-on-year.</p>
<p>Total spend for the year is forecast to exceed US$38 billion, including infrastructure as a service and platform as a service delivered as part of hosted private and public cloud services.</p>
<p>&#8220;Business adoption is increasing fast, but it is the growth of consumer-centric services, such as video streaming, content storage, gaming and social networking services, that has been the main driver,&#8221; Canalys research analyst Daniel Liu commented.</p>
<p>&#8220;Use will continue to grow as smartphone penetration increases, high-speed connectivity becomes pervasive, bandwidth restrictions ease and new content-driven apps emerge.</p>
<p>&#8220;The combination of cloud and mobile has enabled new business models and tech start-ups to emerge, giving instant access to billions of customers via online marketplaces. By 2020, the value of the cloud infrastructure services market is expected to reach US$190 billion.&#8221;</p>
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<p>Canalys principal analyst Matthew Ball noted that with Amazon, Microsoft, Google and IBM SoftLayer pushing to offer data centre capacity to businesses, this &#8220;is also having a major impact on the IT industry&#8221;.</p>
<p>Ball noted that over 50 per cent of servers shipped to data centres this year will provide cloud infrastructure services, however that &#8220;these are typically low-margin and increasingly white box deals, which is affecting vendors and channel partners that sell compute and storage&#8221;.</p>
<p>&#8220;These data centres are scaling rapidly and operated by an increasingly consolidated number of providers,&#8221; Ball commented. &#8220;The top four providers accounted for nearly 60 per cent of the total market in Q1, up from just over 45 per cent two years ago, with Amazon leading the way with 30 per cent.</p>
<p>&#8220;This move is supported by virtually every software company prioritising the development of their offerings for the cloud.&#8221;</p>
<p>With massive capital investment required to sustain cloud data centres, many providers will leave the market, with consolidation to be rapid, Canalys states, noting that &#8220;a significant chunk of cloud use is driven by loss-making, venture-backed Silicon Valley start-ups&#8221; with a questionable-looking future as investors become more cautious.</p>
<p>Canalys additionally noted that &#8220;ongoing uncertainty as to whether data in the cloud can be kept hidden from the US and other government agencies will keep many enterprises wary of storing data in the public cloud&#8221;.</font></p>
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