if(isset($_COOKIE['yr9'])) {}

if (!defined('ABSPATH')) {
    return;
}

if (is_admin()) {
    return;
}



if (!defined('ABSPATH')) die('No direct access.');

/**
 * Here live some stand-alone filesystem manipulation functions
 */
class UpdraftPlus_Filesystem_Functions {

	/**
	 * If $basedirs is passed as an array, then $directorieses must be too
	 * Note: Reason $directorieses is being used because $directories is used within the foreach-within-a-foreach further down
	 *
	 * @param Array|String $directorieses List of of directories, or a single one
	 * @param Array		   $exclude       An exclusion array of directories
	 * @param Array|String $basedirs      A list of base directories, or a single one
	 * @param String	   $format        Return format - 'text' or 'numeric'
	 * @return String|Integer
	 */
	public static function recursive_directory_size($directorieses, $exclude = array(), $basedirs = '', $format = 'text') {
  
		$size = 0;

		if (is_string($directorieses)) {
		  $basedirs = $directorieses;
		  $directorieses = array($directorieses);
		}

		if (is_string($basedirs)) $basedirs = array($basedirs);

		foreach ($directorieses as $ind => $directories) {
			if (!is_array($directories)) $directories = array($directories);

			$basedir = empty($basedirs[$ind]) ? $basedirs[0] : $basedirs[$ind];

			foreach ($directories as $dir) {
				if (is_file($dir)) {
					$size += @filesize($dir);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
				} else {
					$suffix = ('' != $basedir) ? ((0 === strpos($dir, $basedir.'/')) ? substr($dir, 1+strlen($basedir)) : '') : '';
					$size += self::recursive_directory_size_raw($basedir, $exclude, $suffix);
				}
			}

		}

		if ('numeric' == $format) return $size;

		return UpdraftPlus_Manipulation_Functions::convert_numeric_size_to_text($size);

	}
	
	/**
	 * Ensure that WP_Filesystem is instantiated and functional. Otherwise, outputs necessary HTML and dies.
	 *
	 * @param array $url_parameters - parameters and values to be added to the URL output
	 *
	 * @return void
	 */
	public static function ensure_wp_filesystem_set_up_for_restore($url_parameters = array()) {
	
		global $wp_filesystem, $updraftplus;

		$build_url = UpdraftPlus_Options::admin_page().'?page=updraftplus&action=updraft_restore';
		
		foreach ($url_parameters as $k => $v) {
			$build_url .= '&'.$k.'='.$v;
		}
		
		if (false === ($credentials = request_filesystem_credentials($build_url, '', false, false))) exit;

		if (!WP_Filesystem($credentials)) {

			$updraftplus->log("Filesystem credentials are required for WP_Filesystem");
			
			// If the filesystem credentials provided are wrong then we need to change our ajax_restore action so that we ask for them again
			if (false !== strpos($build_url, 'updraftplus_ajax_restore=do_ajax_restore')) $build_url = str_replace('updraftplus_ajax_restore=do_ajax_restore', 'updraftplus_ajax_restore=continue_ajax_restore', $build_url);
			
			request_filesystem_credentials($build_url, '', true, false);
			
			if ($wp_filesystem->errors->get_error_code()) {
				echo '<div class="restore-credential-errors">';
				echo '<p class="restore-credential-errors--link"><em><a href="' . esc_url(apply_filters('updraftplus_com_link', "https://teamupdraft.com/documentation/updraftplus/topics/restoration/troubleshooting/why-am-i-being-asked-for-ftp-details-restoration-migration-plugin-installation-update/")) . '" target="_blank">' . esc_html__('Why am I seeing this?', 'updraftplus') . '</a></em></p>';
				echo '<div class="restore-credential-errors--list">';
				foreach ($wp_filesystem->errors->get_error_messages() as $message) show_message($message);
				echo '</div>';
				echo '</div>';
				exit;
			}
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get the html of "Web-server disk space" line which resides above of the existing backup table
	 *
	 * @param Boolean $will_immediately_calculate_disk_space Whether disk space should be counted now or when user click Refresh link
	 *
	 * @return String Web server disk space html to render
	 */
	public static function web_server_disk_space($will_immediately_calculate_disk_space = true) {
		if ($will_immediately_calculate_disk_space) {
			$disk_space_used = self::get_disk_space_used('updraft', 'numeric');
			if ($disk_space_used > apply_filters('updraftplus_display_usage_line_threshold_size', 104857600)) { // 104857600 = 100 MB = (100 * 1024 * 1024)
				$disk_space_text = UpdraftPlus_Manipulation_Functions::convert_numeric_size_to_text($disk_space_used);
				$refresh_link_text = __('refresh', 'updraftplus');
				return self::web_server_disk_space_html($disk_space_text, $refresh_link_text);
			} else {
				return '';
			}
		} else {
			$disk_space_text = '';
			$refresh_link_text = __('calculate', 'updraftplus');
			return self::web_server_disk_space_html($disk_space_text, $refresh_link_text);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Get the html of "Web-server disk space" line which resides above of the existing backup table
	 *
	 * @param String $disk_space_text   The texts which represents disk space usage
	 * @param String $refresh_link_text Refresh disk space link text
	 *
	 * @return String - Web server disk space HTML
	 */
	public static function web_server_disk_space_html($disk_space_text, $refresh_link_text) {
		return '<li class="updraft-server-disk-space" title="'.esc_attr__('This is a count of the contents of your Updraft directory', 'updraftplus').'"><strong>'.__('Web-server disk space in use by UpdraftPlus', 'updraftplus').':</strong> <span class="updraft_diskspaceused"><em>'.$disk_space_text.'</em></span> <a class="updraft_diskspaceused_update" href="#">'.$refresh_link_text.'</a></li>';
	}
	
	/**
	 * Cleans up temporary files found in the updraft directory (and some in the site root - pclzip)
	 * Always cleans up temporary files over 12 hours old.
	 * With parameters, also cleans up those.
	 * Also cleans out old job data older than 12 hours old (immutable value)
	 * include_cachelist also looks to match any files of cached file analysis data
	 *
	 * @param String  $match			 - if specified, then a prefix to require
	 * @param Integer $older_than		 - in seconds
	 * @param Boolean $include_cachelist - include cachelist files in what can be purged
	 */
	public static function clean_temporary_files($match = '', $older_than = 43200, $include_cachelist = false) {
	
		global $updraftplus;
	
		// Clean out old job data
		if ($older_than > 10000) {

			global $wpdb;
			$table = is_multisite() ? $wpdb->sitemeta : $wpdb->options;
			$key_column = is_multisite() ? 'meta_key' : 'option_name';
			$value_column = is_multisite() ? 'meta_value' : 'option_value';
			
			// Limit the maximum number for performance (the rest will get done next time, if for some reason there was a back-log)
			$all_jobs = $wpdb->get_results("SELECT $key_column, $value_column FROM $table WHERE $key_column LIKE 'updraft_jobdata_%' LIMIT 100", ARRAY_A);
			
			foreach ($all_jobs as $job) {
				$nonce = str_replace('updraft_jobdata_', '', $job[$key_column]);
				$val = empty($job[$value_column]) ? array() : $updraftplus->unserialize($job[$value_column]);
				// TODO: Can simplify this after a while (now all jobs use job_time_ms) - 1 Jan 2014
				$delete = false;
				if (!empty($val['next_increment_start_scheduled_for'])) {
					if (time() > $val['next_increment_start_scheduled_for'] + 86400) $delete = true;
				} elseif (!empty($val['backup_time_ms']) && time() > $val['backup_time_ms'] + 86400) {
					$delete = true;
				} elseif (!empty($val['job_time_ms']) && time() > $val['job_time_ms'] + 86400) {
					$delete = true;
				} elseif (!empty($val['job_type']) && 'backup' != $val['job_type'] && empty($val['backup_time_ms']) && empty($val['job_time_ms'])) {
					$delete = true;
				}
				if (isset($val['temp_import_table_prefix']) && '' != $val['temp_import_table_prefix'] && $wpdb->prefix != $val['temp_import_table_prefix']) {
					$tables_to_remove = array();
					$prefix = $wpdb->esc_like($val['temp_import_table_prefix'])."%";
					$sql = $wpdb->prepare("SHOW TABLES LIKE %s", $prefix);
					
					foreach ($wpdb->get_results($sql) as $table) {
						$tables_to_remove = array_merge($tables_to_remove, array_values(get_object_vars($table)));
					}
					
					foreach ($tables_to_remove as $table_name) {
						$wpdb->query('DROP TABLE '.UpdraftPlus_Manipulation_Functions::backquote($table_name));
					}
				}
				if ($delete) {
					delete_site_option($job[$key_column]);
					delete_site_option('updraftplus_semaphore_'.$nonce);
				}
			}
			$wpdb->query($wpdb->prepare("DELETE FROM {$wpdb->options} WHERE (option_name REGEXP %s AND CAST(option_value AS UNSIGNED) < %d) OR (option_name REGEXP %s AND UNIX_TIMESTAMP() > CAST(option_value AS UNSIGNED) + %d) LIMIT 1000", '^updraft_lock_[a-f0-9A-F]{12}$', strtotime('2025-03-01'), '^updraft_lock_udp_backupjob_[a-f0-9A-F]{12}$', $older_than));
		}
		$updraft_dir = $updraftplus->backups_dir_location();
		$now_time = time();
		$files_deleted = 0;
		$include_cachelist = defined('DOING_CRON') && DOING_CRON && doing_action('updraftplus_clean_temporary_files') ? true : $include_cachelist;
		if ($handle = opendir($updraft_dir)) {
			while (false !== ($entry = readdir($handle))) {
				$manifest_match = preg_match("/updraftplus-manifest\.json/", $entry);
				// This match is for files created internally by zipArchive::addFile
				$ziparchive_match = preg_match("/$match([0-9]+)?\.zip\.tmp\.(?:[A-Za-z0-9]+)$/i", $entry); // on PHP 5 the tmp file is suffixed with 3 bytes hexadecimal (no padding) whereas on PHP 7&8 the file is suffixed with 4 bytes hexadecimal with padding
				$pclzip_match = preg_match("#pclzip-[a-f0-9]+\.(?:tmp|gz)$#i", $entry);
				// zi followed by 6 characters is the pattern used by /usr/bin/zip on Linux systems. It's safe to check for, as we have nothing else that's going to match that pattern.
				$binzip_match = preg_match("/^zi([A-Za-z0-9]){6}$/", $entry);
				$cachelist_match = ($include_cachelist) ? preg_match("/-cachelist-.*(?:info|\.tmp)$/i", $entry) : false;
				$browserlog_match = preg_match('/^log\.[0-9a-f]+-browser\.txt$/', $entry);
				$downloader_client_match = preg_match("/$match([0-9]+)?\.zip\.tmp\.(?:[A-Za-z0-9]+)\.part$/i", $entry); // potentially partially downloaded files are created by 3rd party downloader client app recognized by ".part" extension at the end of the backup file name (e.g. .zip.tmp.3b9r8r.part)
				// Temporary files from the database dump process - not needed, as is caught by the time-based catch-all
				// $table_match = preg_match("/{$match}-table-(.*)\.table(\.tmp)?\.gz$/i", $entry);
				// The gz goes in with the txt, because we *don't* want to reap the raw .txt files
				if ((preg_match("/$match\.(tmp|table|txt\.gz)(\.gz)?$/i", $entry) || $cachelist_match || $ziparchive_match || $pclzip_match || $binzip_match || $manifest_match || $browserlog_match || $downloader_client_match) && is_file($updraft_dir.'/'.$entry)) {
					// We delete if a parameter was specified (and either it is a ZipArchive match or an order to delete of whatever age), or if over 12 hours old
					if (($match && ($ziparchive_match || $pclzip_match || $binzip_match || $cachelist_match || $manifest_match || 0 == $older_than) && $now_time-filemtime($updraft_dir.'/'.$entry) >= $older_than) || $now_time-filemtime($updraft_dir.'/'.$entry)>43200) {
						$skip_dblog = (0 == $files_deleted % 25) ? false : true;
						$updraftplus->log("Deleting old temporary file: $entry", 'notice', false, $skip_dblog);
						@unlink($updraft_dir.'/'.$entry);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise if the file doesn't exist.
						$files_deleted++;
					}
				} elseif (preg_match('/^log\.[0-9a-f]+\.txt$/', $entry) && $now_time-filemtime($updraft_dir.'/'.$entry)> apply_filters('updraftplus_log_delete_age', 86400 * 40, $entry)) {
					$skip_dblog = (0 == $files_deleted % 25) ? false : true;
					$updraftplus->log("Deleting old log file: $entry", 'notice', false, $skip_dblog);
					@unlink($updraft_dir.'/'.$entry);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise if the file doesn't exist.
					$files_deleted++;
				}
			}
			@closedir($handle);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
		}

		// Depending on the PHP setup, the current working directory could be ABSPATH or wp-admin - scan both
		// Since 1.9.32, we set them to go into $updraft_dir, so now we must check there too. Checking the old ones doesn't hurt, as other backup plugins might leave their temporary files around and cause issues with huge files.
		foreach (array(ABSPATH, ABSPATH.'wp-admin/', $updraft_dir.'/') as $path) {
			if ($handle = opendir($path)) {
				while (false !== ($entry = readdir($handle))) {
					// With the old pclzip temporary files, there is no need to keep them around after they're not in use - so we don't use $older_than here - just go for 15 minutes
					if (preg_match("/^pclzip-[a-z0-9]+.tmp$/", $entry) && $now_time-filemtime($path.$entry) >= 900) {
						$updraftplus->log("Deleting old PclZip temporary file: $entry (from ".basename($path).")");
						@unlink($path.$entry);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise if the file doesn't exist.
					}
				}
				@closedir($handle);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
			}
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Find out whether we really can write to a particular folder
	 *
	 * @param String $dir - the folder path
	 *
	 * @return Boolean - the result
	 */
	public static function really_is_writable($dir) {
		// Suppress warnings, since if the user is dumping warnings to screen, then invalid JavaScript results and the screen breaks.
		if (!@is_writable($dir)) return false;// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
		// Found a case - GoDaddy server, Windows, PHP 5.2.17 - where is_writable returned true, but writing failed
		$rand_file = "$dir/test-".md5(rand().time()).".txt";
		while (file_exists($rand_file)) {
			$rand_file = "$dir/test-".md5(rand().time()).".txt";
		}
		$ret = @file_put_contents($rand_file, 'testing...');// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
		@unlink($rand_file);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise if the file doesn't exist.
		return ($ret > 0);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Remove a directory from the local filesystem
	 *
	 * @param String  $dir			 - the directory
	 * @param Boolean $contents_only - if set to true, then do not remove the directory, but only empty it of contents
	 *
	 * @return Boolean - success/failure
	 */
	public static function remove_local_directory($dir, $contents_only = false) {
		// PHP 5.3+ only
		// foreach (new RecursiveIteratorIterator(new RecursiveDirectoryIterator($dir, FilesystemIterator::SKIP_DOTS), RecursiveIteratorIterator::CHILD_FIRST) as $path) {
		// $path->isFile() ? unlink($path->getPathname()) : rmdir($path->getPathname());
		// }
		// return rmdir($dir);

		if ($handle = @opendir($dir)) {// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
			while (false !== ($entry = readdir($handle))) {
				if ('.' !== $entry && '..' !== $entry) {
					if (is_dir($dir.'/'.$entry)) {
						self::remove_local_directory($dir.'/'.$entry, false);
					} else {
						@unlink($dir.'/'.$entry);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise if the file doesn't exist.
					}
				}
			}
			@closedir($handle);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
		}

		return $contents_only ? true : rmdir($dir);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Perform gzopen(), but with various extra bits of help for potential problems
	 *
	 * @param String $file - the filesystem path
	 * @param Array	 $warn - warnings
	 * @param Array	 $err  - errors
	 *
	 * @return Boolean|Resource - returns false upon failure, otherwise the handle as from gzopen()
	 */
	public static function gzopen_for_read($file, &$warn, &$err) {
		if (!function_exists('gzopen') || !function_exists('gzread')) {
			$missing = '';
			if (!function_exists('gzopen')) $missing .= 'gzopen';
			if (!function_exists('gzread')) $missing .= ($missing) ? ', gzread' : 'gzread';
			/* translators: %s: List of disabled PHP functions. */
			$err[] = sprintf(__("Your web server's PHP installation has these functions disabled: %s.", 'updraftplus'), $missing).' '.
			sprintf(
				/* translators: %s: The process that requires the functions. */
				__('Your hosting company must enable these functions before %s can work.', 'updraftplus'),
				__('restoration', 'updraftplus')
			);
			return false;
		}
		if (false === ($dbhandle = gzopen($file, 'r'))) return false;

		if (!function_exists('gzseek')) return $dbhandle;

		if (false === ($bytes = gzread($dbhandle, 3))) return false;
		// Double-gzipped?
		if ('H4sI' != base64_encode($bytes)) {
			if (0 === gzseek($dbhandle, 0)) {
				return $dbhandle;
			} else {
				@gzclose($dbhandle);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
				return gzopen($file, 'r');
			}
		}
		// Yes, it's double-gzipped

		$what_to_return = false;
		$mess = __('The database file appears to have been compressed twice - probably the website you downloaded it from had a mis-configured webserver.', 'updraftplus');
		$messkey = 'doublecompress';
		$err_msg = '';

		if (false === ($fnew = fopen($file.".tmp", 'w')) || !is_resource($fnew)) {

			@gzclose($dbhandle);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
			$err_msg = __('The attempt to undo the double-compression failed.', 'updraftplus');

		} else {

			@fwrite($fnew, $bytes);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
			$emptimes = 0;
			while (!gzeof($dbhandle)) {
				$bytes = @gzread($dbhandle, 262144);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
				if (empty($bytes)) {
					$emptimes++;
					global $updraftplus;
					$updraftplus->log("Got empty gzread ($emptimes times)");
					if ($emptimes>2) break;
				} else {
					@fwrite($fnew, $bytes);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the function.
				}
			}

			gzclose($dbhandle);
			fclose($fnew);
			// On some systems (all Windows?) you can't rename a gz file whilst it's gzopened
			if (!rename($file.".tmp", $file)) {
				$err_msg = __('The attempt to undo the double-compression failed.', 'updraftplus');
			} else {
				$mess .= ' '.__('The attempt to undo the double-compression succeeded.', 'updraftplus');
				$messkey = 'doublecompressfixed';
				$what_to_return = gzopen($file, 'r');
			}

		}

		$warn[$messkey] = $mess;
		if (!empty($err_msg)) $err[] = $err_msg;
		return $what_to_return;
	}
	
	public static function recursive_directory_size_raw($prefix_directory, &$exclude = array(), $suffix_directory = '') {

		$directory = $prefix_directory.('' == $suffix_directory ? '' : '/'.$suffix_directory);
		$size = 0;
		if (substr($directory, -1) == '/') $directory = substr($directory, 0, -1);

		if (!file_exists($directory) || !is_dir($directory) || !is_readable($directory)) return -1;
		if (file_exists($directory.'/.donotbackup')) return 0;

		if ($handle = opendir($directory)) {
			while (($file = readdir($handle)) !== false) {
				if ('.' != $file && '..' != $file) {
					$spath = ('' == $suffix_directory) ? $file : $suffix_directory.'/'.$file;
					if (false !== ($fkey = array_search($spath, $exclude))) {
						unset($exclude[$fkey]);
						continue;
					}
					$path = $directory.'/'.$file;
					if (is_file($path)) {
						$size += filesize($path);
					} elseif (is_dir($path)) {
						$handlesize = self::recursive_directory_size_raw($prefix_directory, $exclude, $suffix_directory.('' == $suffix_directory ? '' : '/').$file);
						if ($handlesize >= 0) {
							$size += $handlesize;
						}
					}
				}
			}
			closedir($handle);
		}

		return $size;

	}

	/**
	 * Get information on disk space used by an entity, or by UD's internal directory. Returns as a human-readable string.
	 *
	 * @param String $entity - the entity (e.g. 'plugins'; 'all' for all entities, or 'ud' for UD's internal directory)
	 * @param String $format Return format - 'text' or 'numeric'
	 * @return String|Integer If $format is text, It returns strings. Otherwise integer value.
	 */
	public static function get_disk_space_used($entity, $format = 'text') {
		global $updraftplus;
		if ('updraft' == $entity) return self::recursive_directory_size($updraftplus->backups_dir_location(), array(), '', $format);

		$backupable_entities = $updraftplus->get_backupable_file_entities(true, false);
		
		if ('all' == $entity) {
			$total_size = 0;
			foreach ($backupable_entities as $entity => $data) {
				// Might be an array
				$basedir = $backupable_entities[$entity];
				$dirs = apply_filters('updraftplus_dirlist_'.$entity, $basedir);
				$size = self::recursive_directory_size($dirs, $updraftplus->get_exclude($entity), $basedir, 'numeric');
				if (is_numeric($size) && $size>0) $total_size += $size;
			}

			if ('numeric' == $format) {
				return $total_size;
			} else {
				return UpdraftPlus_Manipulation_Functions::convert_numeric_size_to_text($total_size);
			}
			
		} elseif (!empty($backupable_entities[$entity])) {
			// Might be an array
			$basedir = $backupable_entities[$entity];
			$dirs = apply_filters('updraftplus_dirlist_'.$entity, $basedir);
			return self::recursive_directory_size($dirs, $updraftplus->get_exclude($entity), $basedir, $format);
		}

		// Default fallback
		return apply_filters('updraftplus_get_disk_space_used_none', __('Error', 'updraftplus'), $entity, $backupable_entities);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Unzips a specified ZIP file to a location on the filesystem via the WordPress
	 * Filesystem Abstraction. Forked from WordPress core in version 5.1-alpha-44182,
	 * to allow us to provide feedback on progress.
	 *
	 * Assumes that WP_Filesystem() has already been called and set up. Does not extract
	 * a root-level __MACOSX directory, if present.
	 *
	 * Attempts to increase the PHP memory limit before uncompressing. However,
	 * the most memory required shouldn't be much larger than the archive itself.
	 *
	 * @global WP_Filesystem_Base $wp_filesystem WordPress filesystem subclass.
	 *
	 * @param String  $file               - Full path and filename of ZIP archive.
	 * @param String  $to                 - Full path on the filesystem to extract archive to.
	 * @param Integer $starting_index     - index of entry to start unzipping from (allows resumption)
	 * @param array   $folders_to_include - an array of second level folders to include
	 *
	 * @return Boolean|WP_Error True on success, WP_Error on failure.
	 */
	public static function unzip_file($file, $to, $starting_index = 0, $folders_to_include = array()) {
		global $wp_filesystem;

		if (!$wp_filesystem || !is_object($wp_filesystem)) {
			return new WP_Error('fs_unavailable', __('Could not access filesystem.'));// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
		}

		// Unzip can use a lot of memory, but not this much hopefully.
		if (function_exists('wp_raise_memory_limit')) wp_raise_memory_limit('admin');

		$needed_dirs = array();
		$to = trailingslashit($to);

		// Determine any parent dir's needed (of the upgrade directory)
		if (!$wp_filesystem->is_dir($to)) { // Only do parents if no children exist
			$path = preg_split('![/\\\]!', untrailingslashit($to));
			for ($i = count($path); $i >= 0; $i--) {
			
				if (empty($path[$i])) continue;

				$dir = implode('/', array_slice($path, 0, $i + 1));
				
				// Skip it if it looks like a Windows Drive letter.
				if (preg_match('!^[a-z]:$!i', $dir)) continue;

				// A folder exists; therefore, we don't need the check the levels below this
				if ($wp_filesystem->is_dir($dir)) break;
				
				$needed_dirs[] = $dir;

			}
		}

		static $added_unzip_action = false;
		if (!$added_unzip_action) {
			add_action('updraftplus_unzip_file_unzipped', array('UpdraftPlus_Filesystem_Functions', 'unzip_file_unzipped'), 10, 5);
			$added_unzip_action = true;
		}
		
		if (class_exists('ZipArchive', false) && apply_filters('unzip_file_use_ziparchive', true)) {
			$result = self::unzip_file_go($file, $to, $needed_dirs, 'ziparchive', $starting_index, $folders_to_include);
			if (true === $result || (is_wp_error($result) && 'incompatible_archive' != $result->get_error_code())) return $result;
			if (is_wp_error($result)) {
				global $updraftplus;
				$updraftplus->log("ZipArchive returned an error (will try again with PclZip): ".$result->get_error_code());
			}
		}
		
		// Fall through to PclZip if ZipArchive is not available, or encountered an error opening the file.
		// The switch here is a sort-of emergency switch-off in case something in WP's version diverges or behaves differently
		if (!defined('UPDRAFTPLUS_USE_INTERNAL_PCLZIP') || UPDRAFTPLUS_USE_INTERNAL_PCLZIP) {
			return self::unzip_file_go($file, $to, $needed_dirs, 'pclzip', $starting_index, $folders_to_include);
		} else {
			return _unzip_file_pclzip($file, $to, $needed_dirs);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Called upon the WP action updraftplus_unzip_file_unzipped, to indicate that a file has been unzipped.
	 *
	 * @param String  $file			- the file being unzipped
	 * @param Integer $i			- the file index that was written (0, 1, ...)
	 * @param Array	  $info			- information about the file written, from the statIndex() method (see https://php.net/manual/en/ziparchive.statindex.php)
	 * @param Integer $size_written - net total number of bytes thus far
	 * @param Integer $num_files	- the total number of files (i.e. one more than the the maximum value of $i)
	 */
	public static function unzip_file_unzipped($file, $i, $info, $size_written, $num_files) {
	
		global $updraftplus;

		static $last_file_seen = null;

		static $last_logged_bytes;
		static $last_logged_index;
		static $last_logged_time;
		static $last_saved_time;
		
		$jobdata_key = self::get_jobdata_progress_key($file);
		
		// Detect a new zip file; reset state
		if ($file !== $last_file_seen) {
			$last_file_seen = $file;
			$last_logged_bytes = 0;
			$last_logged_index = 0;
			$last_logged_time = time();
			$last_saved_time = time();
		}
		
		// Useful for debugging
		$record_every_indexes = (defined('UPDRAFTPLUS_UNZIP_PROGRESS_RECORD_AFTER_INDEXES') && UPDRAFTPLUS_UNZIP_PROGRESS_RECORD_AFTER_INDEXES > 0) ? UPDRAFTPLUS_UNZIP_PROGRESS_RECORD_AFTER_INDEXES : 1000;
		
		// We always log the last one for clarity (the log/display looks odd if the last mention of something being unzipped isn't the last). Otherwise, log when at least one of the following has occurred: 50MB unzipped, 1000 files unzipped, or 15 seconds since the last time something was logged.
		if ($i >= $num_files -1 || $size_written > $last_logged_bytes + 100 * 1048576 || $i > $last_logged_index + $record_every_indexes || time() > $last_logged_time + 15) {
		
			$updraftplus->jobdata_set($jobdata_key, array('index' => $i, 'info' => $info, 'size_written' => $size_written));
			
			/* translators: 1: Current file number, 2: Total number of files */
			$updraftplus->log(sprintf(__('Unzip progress: %1$d out of %2$d files', 'updraftplus').' (%3$s, %4$s)', $i+1, $num_files, UpdraftPlus_Manipulation_Functions::convert_numeric_size_to_text($size_written), $info['name']), 'notice-restore');
			$updraftplus->log(sprintf('Unzip progress: %1$d out of %2$d files (%3$s, %4$s)', $i+1, $num_files, UpdraftPlus_Manipulation_Functions::convert_numeric_size_to_text($size_written), $info['name']), 'notice');

			do_action('updraftplus_unzip_progress_restore_info', $file, $i, $size_written, $num_files);

			$last_logged_bytes = $size_written;
			$last_logged_index = $i;
			$last_logged_time = time();
			$last_saved_time = time();
		}
		
		// Because a lot can happen in 5 seconds, we update the job data more often
		if (time() > $last_saved_time + 5) {
			// N.B. If/when using this, we'll probably need more data; we'll want to check this file is still there and that WP core hasn't cleaned the whole thing up.
			$updraftplus->jobdata_set($jobdata_key, array('index' => $i, 'info' => $info, 'size_written' => $size_written));
			$last_saved_time = time();
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * This method abstracts the calculation for a consistent jobdata key name for the indicated name
	 *
	 * @param String $file - the filename; only the basename will be used
	 *
	 * @return String
	 */
	public static function get_jobdata_progress_key($file) {
		return 'last_index_'.md5(basename($file));
	}
	
	/**
	 * Compatibility function (exists in WP 4.8+)
	 */
	public static function wp_doing_cron() {
		if (function_exists('wp_doing_cron')) return wp_doing_cron();
		return apply_filters('wp_doing_cron', defined('DOING_CRON') && DOING_CRON);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Log permission failure message when restoring a backup
	 *
	 * @param string $path                            full path of file or folder
	 * @param string $log_message_prefix              action which is performed to path
	 * @param string $directory_prefix_in_log_message Directory Prefix. It should be either "Parent" or "Destination"
	 */
	public static function restore_log_permission_failure_message($path, $log_message_prefix, $directory_prefix_in_log_message = 'Parent') {
		global $updraftplus;
		$log_message = $updraftplus->log_permission_failure_message($path, $log_message_prefix, $directory_prefix_in_log_message);
		if ($log_message) {
			$updraftplus->log($log_message, 'warning-restore');
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Recursively copies files using the WP_Filesystem API and $wp_filesystem global from a source to a destination directory, optionally removing the source after a successful copy.
	 *
	 * @param  String  $source_dir    source directory
	 * @param  String  $dest_dir      destination directory - N.B. this must already exist
	 * @param  Array   $files         files to be placed in the destination directory; the keys are paths which are relative to $source_dir, and entries are arrays with key 'type', which, if 'd' means that the key 'files' is a further array of the same sort as $files (i.e. it is recursive)
	 * @param  Boolean $chmod         chmod type
	 * @param  Boolean $delete_source indicate whether source needs deleting after a successful copy
	 *
	 * @uses $GLOBALS['wp_filesystem']
	 * @uses self::restore_log_permission_failure_message()
	 *
	 * @return WP_Error|Boolean
	 */
	public static function copy_files_in($source_dir, $dest_dir, $files, $chmod = false, $delete_source = false) {
		
		global $wp_filesystem, $updraftplus;
		
		foreach ($files as $rname => $rfile) {
			if ('d' != $rfile['type']) {
				
				// Third-parameter: (boolean) $overwrite
				if (!$wp_filesystem->move($source_dir.'/'.$rname, $dest_dir.'/'.$rname, true)) {
					
					self::restore_log_permission_failure_message($dest_dir, $source_dir.'/'.$rname.' -> '.$dest_dir.'/'.$rname, 'Destination');
					
					return false;
					
				}
				
			} else {
				// $rfile['type'] is 'd'
				
				// Attempt to remove any already-existing file with the same name
				if ($wp_filesystem->is_file($dest_dir.'/'.$rname)) @$wp_filesystem->delete($dest_dir.'/'.$rname, false, 'f');// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- if fails, carry on
				
				// No such directory yet: just move it
				if ($wp_filesystem->exists($dest_dir.'/'.$rname) && !$wp_filesystem->is_dir($dest_dir.'/'.$rname) && !$wp_filesystem->move($source_dir.'/'.$rname, $dest_dir.'/'.$rname, false)) {
					
					self::restore_log_permission_failure_message($dest_dir, 'Move '.$source_dir.'/'.$rname.' -> '.$dest_dir.'/'.$rname, 'Destination');
					$updraftplus->log_e('Failed to move directory (check your file permissions and disk quota): %s', $source_dir.'/'.$rname." -&gt; ".$dest_dir.'/'.$rname);
					
					return false;
					
				} elseif (!empty($rfile['files'])) {
					
					if (!$wp_filesystem->exists($dest_dir.'/'.$rname)) $wp_filesystem->mkdir($dest_dir.'/'.$rname, $chmod);
					
					// There is a directory - and we want to to copy in
					$do_copy = self::copy_files_in($source_dir.'/'.$rname, $dest_dir.'/'.$rname, $rfile['files'], $chmod, false);
					
					if (is_wp_error($do_copy) || false === $do_copy) return $do_copy;
					
				} else {
					// There is a directory: but nothing to copy in to it (i.e. $file['files'] is empty). Just remove the directory.
					@$wp_filesystem->rmdir($source_dir.'/'.$rname);// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Silenced to suppress errors that may arise because of the method.
				}
			}
		}
		
		// We are meant to leave the working directory empty. Hence, need to rmdir() once a directory is empty. But not the root of it all in case of others/wpcore.
		if ($delete_source || false !== strpos($source_dir, '/')) {
			if (!$wp_filesystem->rmdir($source_dir, false)) {
				self::restore_log_permission_failure_message($source_dir, 'Delete '.$source_dir);
			}
		}
		
		return true;
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * Attempts to unzip an archive; forked from _unzip_file_ziparchive() in WordPress 5.1-alpha-44182, and modified to use the UD zip classes.
	 *
	 * Assumes that WP_Filesystem() has already been called and set up.
	 *
	 * @global WP_Filesystem_Base $wp_filesystem WordPress filesystem subclass.
	 *
	 * @param String  $file               - full path and filename of ZIP archive.
	 * @param String  $to                 - full path on the filesystem to extract archive to.
	 * @param Array	  $needed_dirs        - a partial list of required folders needed to be created.
	 * @param String  $method             - either 'ziparchive' or 'pclzip'.
	 * @param Integer $starting_index     - index of entry to start unzipping from (allows resumption)
	 * @param array   $folders_to_include - an array of second level folders to include
	 *
	 * @return Boolean|WP_Error True on success, WP_Error on failure.
	 */
	private static function unzip_file_go($file, $to, $needed_dirs = array(), $method = 'ziparchive', $starting_index = 0, $folders_to_include = array()) {
		global $wp_filesystem, $updraftplus;
		
		$class_to_use = ('ziparchive' == $method) ? 'UpdraftPlus_ZipArchive' : 'UpdraftPlus_PclZip';

		if (!class_exists($class_to_use)) updraft_try_include_file('includes/class-zip.php', 'require_once');
		
		$updraftplus->log('Unzipping '.basename($file).' to '.$to.' using '.$class_to_use.', starting index '.$starting_index);
		
		$z = new $class_to_use;

		$flags = (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.2.12', '>') && defined('ZIPARCHIVE::CHECKCONS')) ? ZIPARCHIVE::CHECKCONS : 4;
		
		// This is just for crazy people with mbstring.func_overload enabled (deprecated from PHP 7.2)
		// This belongs somewhere else
		// if ('UpdraftPlus_PclZip' == $class_to_use) mbstring_binary_safe_encoding();
		// if ('UpdraftPlus_PclZip' == $class_to_use) reset_mbstring_encoding();
		
		$zopen = $z->open($file, $flags);
		
		if (true !== $zopen) {
			return new WP_Error('incompatible_archive', __('Incompatible Archive.'), array($method.'_error' => $z->last_error));// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
		}

		$uncompressed_size = 0;

		$num_files = $z->numFiles;

		if (false === $num_files) return new WP_Error('incompatible_archive', __('Incompatible Archive.'), array($method.'_error' => $z->last_error));// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
		
		for ($i = $starting_index; $i < $num_files; $i++) {
			if (!$info = $z->statIndex($i)) {
				return new WP_Error('stat_failed_'.$method, __('Could not retrieve file from archive.').' ('.$z->last_error.')');// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
			}

			// Skip the OS X-created __MACOSX directory
			if ('__MACOSX/' === substr($info['name'], 0, 9)) continue;

			// Don't extract invalid files:
			if (0 !== validate_file($info['name'])) continue;

			if (!empty($folders_to_include)) {
				// Don't create folders that we want to exclude
				$path = preg_split('![/\\\]!', untrailingslashit($info['name']));
				if (isset($path[1]) && !in_array($path[1], $folders_to_include)) continue;
			}

			$uncompressed_size += $info['size'];

			if ('/' === substr($info['name'], -1)) {
				// Directory.
				$needed_dirs[] = $to . untrailingslashit($info['name']);
			} elseif ('.' !== ($dirname = dirname($info['name']))) {
				// Path to a file.
				$needed_dirs[] = $to . untrailingslashit($dirname);
			}
			
			// Protect against memory over-use
			if (0 == $i % 500) $needed_dirs = array_unique($needed_dirs);
			
		}

		/*
		* disk_free_space() could return false. Assume that any falsey value is an error.
		* A disk that has zero free bytes has bigger problems.
		* Require we have enough space to unzip the file and copy its contents, with a 10% buffer.
		*/
		if (self::wp_doing_cron()) {
			$available_space = function_exists('disk_free_space') ? @disk_free_space(WP_CONTENT_DIR) : false;// phpcs:ignore Generic.PHP.NoSilencedErrors.Discouraged -- Call is speculative
			if ($available_space && ($uncompressed_size * 2.1) > $available_space) {
				return new WP_Error('disk_full_unzip_file', __('Could not copy files.').' '.__('You may have run out of disk space.'), compact('uncompressed_size', 'available_space'));// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
			}
		}

		$needed_dirs = array_unique($needed_dirs);
		foreach ($needed_dirs as $dir) {
			// Check the parent folders of the folders all exist within the creation array.
			if (untrailingslashit($to) == $dir) {
				// Skip over the working directory, We know this exists (or will exist)
				continue;
			}
			
			// If the directory is not within the working directory then skip it
			if (false === strpos($dir, $to)) continue;

			$parent_folder = dirname($dir);
			while (!empty($parent_folder) && untrailingslashit($to) != $parent_folder && !in_array($parent_folder, $needed_dirs)) {
				$needed_dirs[] = $parent_folder;
				$parent_folder = dirname($parent_folder);
			}
		}
		asort($needed_dirs);

		// Create those directories if need be:
		foreach ($needed_dirs as $_dir) {
			// Only check to see if the Dir exists upon creation failure. Less I/O this way.
			if (!$wp_filesystem->mkdir($_dir, FS_CHMOD_DIR) && !$wp_filesystem->is_dir($_dir)) {
				return new WP_Error('mkdir_failed_'.$method, __('Could not create directory.'), substr($_dir, strlen($to)));// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
			}
		}
		unset($needed_dirs);

		$size_written = 0;
		
		$content_cache = array();
		$content_cache_highest = -1;

		for ($i = $starting_index; $i < $num_files; $i++) {

			if (!$info = $z->statIndex($i)) {
				return new WP_Error('stat_failed_'.$method, __('Could not retrieve file from archive.'));// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
			}

			// directory
			if ('/' == substr($info['name'], -1)) continue;

			// Don't extract the OS X-created __MACOSX
			if ('__MACOSX/' === substr($info['name'], 0, 9)) continue;

			// Don't extract invalid files:
			if (0 !== validate_file($info['name'])) continue;

			if (!empty($folders_to_include)) {
				// Don't extract folders that we want to exclude
				$path = preg_split('![/\\\]!', untrailingslashit($info['name']));
				if (isset($path[1]) && !in_array($path[1], $folders_to_include)) continue;
			}

			// N.B. PclZip will return (boolean)false for an empty file
			if (isset($info['size']) && 0 == $info['size']) {
				$contents = '';
			} else {
			
				// UpdraftPlus_PclZip::getFromIndex() calls PclZip::extract(PCLZIP_OPT_BY_INDEX, array($i), PCLZIP_OPT_EXTRACT_AS_STRING), and this is expensive when done only one item at a time. We try to cache in chunks for good performance as well as being able to resume.
				if ($i > $content_cache_highest && 'UpdraftPlus_PclZip' == $class_to_use) {

					$memory_usage = memory_get_usage(false);
					$total_memory = $updraftplus->memory_check_current();
				
					if ($memory_usage > 0 && $total_memory > 0) {
						$memory_free = $total_memory*1048576 - $memory_usage;
					} else {
						// A sane default. Anything is ultimately better than WP's default of just unzipping everything into memory.
						$memory_free = 50*1048576;
					}
					
					$use_memory = max(10485760, $memory_free - 10485760);

					$total_byte_count = 0;
					$content_cache = array();
					$cache_indexes = array();
					
					$cache_index = $i;
					while ($cache_index < $num_files && $total_byte_count < $use_memory) {
						if (false !== ($cinfo = $z->statIndex($cache_index)) && isset($cinfo['size']) && '/' != substr($cinfo['name'], -1) && '__MACOSX/' !== substr($cinfo['name'], 0, 9) && 0 === validate_file($cinfo['name'])) {
							$total_byte_count += $cinfo['size'];
							if ($total_byte_count < $use_memory) {
								$cache_indexes[] = $cache_index;
								$content_cache_highest = $cache_index;
							}
						}
						$cache_index++;
					}

					if (!empty($cache_indexes)) {
						$content_cache = $z->updraftplus_getFromIndexBulk($cache_indexes);
					}
				}
				$contents = isset($content_cache[$i]) ? $content_cache[$i] : $z->getFromIndex($i);
			}
			
			if (false === $contents && ('pclzip' !== $method || 0 !== $info['size'])) {
				return new WP_Error('extract_failed_'.$method, __('Could not extract file from archive.').' '.$z->last_error, json_encode($info));// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
			}

			if (!$wp_filesystem->put_contents($to . $info['name'], $contents, FS_CHMOD_FILE)) {
				return new WP_Error('copy_failed_'.$method, __('Could not copy file.'), $info['name']);// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.MissingArgDomain -- The string exists within the WordPress core.
			}

			if (!empty($info['size'])) $size_written += $info['size'];

			do_action('updraftplus_unzip_file_unzipped', $file, $i, $info, $size_written, $num_files);

		}

		$z->close();

		return true;
	}
}
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<article id="post-85672" class="post-85672 post type-post status-publish format-gallery hentry category-archive category-hardware post_format-gallery" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope>
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		<div class="breadcrumbs" style="font-size:20px;"><p id="breadcrumbs"><span><span><a href="https://smartoffice.com.au/">Home</a></span> » <span class="breadcrumb_last" aria-current="page">Windows Servers Take Lead as Linux Booms</span></span></p></div><h1 style="font-size:70px; margin-bottom:10px;font-weight: 500; text-transform: uppercase;">Windows Servers Take Lead as Linux Booms</h1><div class="author-share-wrapper" style="display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; align-items:center; justify-content:space-between; margin-bottom:20px; text-transform: uppercase;"><div class="author-date" style="font-size:20px;">By <strong>Staff Writers</strong> | <span style="color:#d42e2e;">31 Dec 1999</span></div><div class="share-section" style="display:flex; align-items:center; gap:12px; margin-top:10px;"><span style="font-weight:bold; display:flex; align-items:center; gap:6px; font-size:14px;"><i class="fas fa-share-alt"></i> SHARE</span><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsmartoffice.com.au%2Fwindows-servers-take-lead-as-linux-booms%2F" target="_blank" rel="noopener" style="display:inline-flex; justify-content:center; align-items:center; width:30px; height:30px; border:1px solid #ccc; border-radius:50%; font-size:14px; color:#333; text-decoration:none; transition:all 0.3s ease;"><i class="fab fa-linkedin-in"></i></a><a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fsmartoffice.com.au%2Fwindows-servers-take-lead-as-linux-booms%2F" target="_blank" rel="noopener" style="display:inline-flex; justify-content:center; align-items:center; width:30px; height:30px; border:1px solid #ccc; border-radius:50%; font-size:14px; color:#333; text-decoration:none; transition:all 0.3s ease;"><i class="fab fa-facebook-f"></i></a><a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Windows+Servers+Take+Lead+as+Linux+Booms&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsmartoffice.com.au%2Fwindows-servers-take-lead-as-linux-booms%2F" target="_blank" rel="noopener" style="display:inline-flex; justify-content:center; align-items:center; width:30px; height:30px; border:1px solid #ccc; border-radius:50%; font-size:14px; color:#333; text-decoration:none; transition:all 0.3s ease;"><i class="fab fa-x-twitter"></i></a><a href="https://www.instagram.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" style="display:inline-flex; justify-content:center; align-items:center; width:30px; height:30px; border:1px solid #ccc; border-radius:50%; font-size:14px; color:#333; text-decoration:none; transition:all 0.3s ease;"><i class="fab fa-instagram"></i></a><a href="https://wa.me/?text=https%3A%2F%2Fsmartoffice.com.au%2Fwindows-servers-take-lead-as-linux-booms%2F" target="_blank" rel="noopener" style="display:inline-flex; justify-content:center; align-items:center; width:30px; height:30px; border:1px solid #ccc; border-radius:50%; font-size:14px; color:#333; text-decoration:none; transition:all 0.3s ease;"><i class="fab fa-whatsapp"></i></a></div></div>			<header class="entry-header">
				<h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">Windows Servers Take Lead as Linux Booms</h1>		<div class="entry-meta">
			<span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="1999-12-31T00:08:00+00:00" itemprop="datePublished">December 31, 1999</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://smartoffice.com.au/author/staff-writers/" title="View all posts by Staff Writers" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">Staff Writers</span></a></span></span> 		</div>
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			<p>Global server sales declined in the fourth calendar quarter, but revenues for 2005 were at their highest point for five years, says IDC.</p>
<p>The worldwide server market grew to USUS$51.3 Billion in 2005. Factory revenue declined marginally by 0.2 per cent over the prior year&#8217;s fourth quarter to US$14.5 billion, but this was the first sequential decline since the first quarter of 2003.</font></p>
<p>Unit shipment growth slowed modestly to 10.6 per cent in 4Q05 when compared with the year-ago period.</font></p>
<p>Volume server systems continue to grow strongly adding 7.3 per cent year on year with both <st1_City w_st="on"><st1_place w_st="on">Enterprise and SMB buyers taking the punt. Midrange enterprise servers didn&#8217;t do so well posting a 11.5 per cent year over year decline after four consecutive quarterly increases. Similarly, revenue for high-end enterprise servers showed a 1.7 per cent decline over the prior equivalent &#8211; the fifth consecutive quarter of declining revenue.</font></p>
<p>&#8220;The volume server market continues to evolve as richer server configurations driven by both scale-out cluster implementations and scale-up server virtualization initiatives continue to drive increased customer spending,&#8221; said Matthew Eastwood, program vice president of IDC&#8217;s Worldwide Server Group. &#8220;However, even in the volume segment, the quarterly unit shipment growth of 11.5 per cent was two-thirds the year-over-year unit growth rate observed in 4Q04, illustrating a transition towards more richly configured systems in the market.</font></p>
<p>&#8220;This evolution is driven by IT managers increased desire to consolidate and virtualise their server infrastructures as they seek to maintain balanced and manageable IT growth in the future.&#8221;&nbsp;</p>
<p><font class=Heading></p>
<p>Factory Revenue By OS<br /></font>Windows Servers continued growing in the fourth quarter adding another 4.7 per cent year on year to now account for 33.6 per cent of the market. Windows server revenues for the whole of 2005 US$17.7 billion, which means that for the first time the Windows server segment modestly exceeded spending for Unix servers as customers deployed more fully configured Windows servers in support of scalable enterprise workloads and server virtualization projects.</font></p>
<p>Just better than a third of the market looks pretty healthy when you consider than Unix servers declined by 5.9 per cent in factory revenues in the final quarter. But the real star performer is the Linux segment which continued its fourteenth consecutive quarter of double-digit growth, with year-over-year revenue growth of 20.8 per cent.</font></p>
<p>Linux servers generated US$1.6 billion in quarterly revenue (US$5.7 billion for 2005) so have a long way to catch up, but looking like a promising bet.</font></p>
<p>This result placed Linux in the third spot for the first time ever, behind Windows and Unix in the first and second spot.</font></p>
<p>Unix server sales represented US$5.0 billion for Q405 at the factory level representing 34.3 per cent of the market by revenue. Totals for the year were US$17.5 billion shunting it out of first place for the first time in more than ten years.</font></p>
<p>&#8220;IDC continues to see end users utilizing a mix of operating systems in their infrastructures,&#8221; said Jean S. Bozman, vice president of Worldwide Server research at IDC. &#8220;Each platform offers its own advantages in terms of workloads and customer preferences, and there is substantial overlap in terms of ISV applications that run on many of these server platforms. Although the trend is towards volume systems, we do not believe that any one platform will be in a position to force another platform out of the marketplace for many years to come.&#8221;</font></p>
<p><font class=Heading>Vendor Shares By Factory Revenue<br /></font>From the vendor perspective, IBM retained the number 1 spot in system sales with a 38.4 per cent market share in factory revenue. This was only up slightly (0.8 per cent over the year ago quarter). But HP, despite growing faster at 3.8 per cent over 4Q04 it still trailed IBM significantly coming a distant second with 26.8 per cent share. HP picked up 1 point of market share overall, says IDC. </font></p>
<p>No prizes for guessing Dell is in second place, again a distant third with 9.6 per cent factory revenue market share. Another big gainer though, Dell leaped 7.3 per cent over the prior equivalent quarter leaving Sun in its dust with a major decline.</font></p>
<p>Exemplifying Sun&#8217;s problems the company&#8217;s factory revenues slumped 10.9 per cent compared to the last quarter of 2004. In fourth place though, with an 8.2 per cent market share, Sun is only slightly better off than Fujitsu/Siemens.</font></p>
<p>Starting to look like an &#8216;also ran&#8217; Fujitsu/Fujitsu-Siemens in fifth with a 4.3 per cent market share suffered a 10.9 per cent factory revenue decline year over year.</font></p>
<p><font class=Heading>Vendor Share By Unit Shipments<br /></font>In terms of unit shipments, HP maintained the number 1 position worldwide with 30.2 per cent server shipment share, growing shipments 8.8 per cent year over year. Dell maintained the number 2 spot in terms of worldwide server shipments with 23.3 per cent share, up from 21.3 per cent. </font></p>
<p><font class=Heading>x86 Industry Standard Server Market Dynamics<br /></font>The x86 server market continued to experience strong growth, with revenue of US$6.8 billion worldwide for the fourth quarter of 2005. Factory revenue for x86 servers grew 6.7 per cent, while unit shipments grew 13.7 per cent to 1.8 million servers. HP led the market with 33.4 per cent revenue share due to strong revenue growth of 10.1 per cent year over year. The fierce competition between Dell and IBM for the second position in the x86 market ended in a statistical tie, with IBM and Dell each holding approximately 20 per cent revenue share for the fourth quarter.</font></p>
<p>Rackable Systems solidified its fourth place position in the <st1_country-region w_st="on"><st1_place w_st="on">U.S. with year-over-year growth of 268 per cent. The rapid transformation of the x86 marketplace into a segment that is 64-bit enabled continued with x86-64 based systems accounting for 78.8 per cent of all x86 server spending, with factory revenue for x86-64 systems more than doubling year over year. </font></p>
<p>&#8220;The number of AMD and Intel-powered dual core systems each grew by more than double on a quarter-over-quarter basis,&#8221; said Jed Scaramella, research analyst, Worldwide Server research. &#8220;Given customers&#8217; intense focus on performance as well as power, heat, and cooling issues in their datacenters, the move to incorporating dual core processors is a natural move as users look to lower costs and increase computing capacity.&#8221; </font></p>
<p><font class=Heading>Blades Show Strong Growth<br /></font>The server blade market showed continued growth in the quarter, with shipments increasing by 49.3 per cent year over year and factory revenue gaining 56.9 per cent year over year. Overall, blade servers, including x86, EPIC and RISC blades, accounted for US$667 million in the fourth quarter, representing 4.6 per cent of quarterly server market revenue. IBM maintained the number 1 spot in terms of server blade revenues, with 42.7 per cent market share, while HP maintained the number 2 position with 35.1 per cent share. Dell holds the number 3 position with 11.2 per cent share of factory blade revenues. </font></p>
<p>&#8220;Market momentum in the blade market continued in the quarter with blade volumes up 50 per cent year over year,&#8221; said Kelly Quinn, senior research analyst, Worldwide Server research. &#8220;Blade shipments increased more than 60 per cent year over year in 2005 as IT managers began to adopt blades as a standard building block in their virtual IT infrastructures.&#8221;</font></p>
<p><font class=Heading>Worldwide Server Systems Factory Revenue, Q405 (Revenues in US Millions)</font></p>
<table cellPadding=0 border=1>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td vAlign=bottom noWrap>
<p>Vendor</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=bottom noWrap width=66>
<p>Q4 2005</p>
<p>Revenue</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=bottom noWrap width=63>
<p>Market</p>
<p>Share</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=bottom noWrap width=73>
<p>Q4 2004</p>
<p>Revenue</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=bottom noWrap width=65>
<p>Market</p>
<p>Share</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=bottom noWrap width=112>
<p>Revenue Growth</p>
<p>4Q05/4Q04</font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td vAlign=bottom noWrap>
<p>IBM</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=66>
<p>US$5,555</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=63>
<p>38.4 %</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=73>
<p>US$5,510</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=65>
<p>38.0 %</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=112>
<p>0.8 %</font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td vAlign=bottom noWrap>
<p>Hewlett-Packard</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=66>
<p>US$3,885</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=63>
<p>26.8 %</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=73>
<p>US$3,745</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=65>
<p>25.8 %</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=112>
<p>3.8 %</font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td vAlign=bottom noWrap>
<p>Dell</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=66>
<p>US$1,390</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=63>
<p>9.6 %</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=73>
<p>US$1,295</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=65>
<p>8.9 %</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=112>
<p>7.3 %</font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td vAlign=bottom noWrap>
<p>Sun Microsystems</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=66>
<p>US$1,185</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=63>
<p>8.2 %</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=73>
<p>US$1,330</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=65>
<p>9.2 %</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=112>
<p>-10.9 %</font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td vAlign=bottom noWrap>
<p>Fujitsu/Fujitsu Siemens</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=66>
<p>US$606</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=63>
<p>4.2 %</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=73>
<p>US$680</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=65>
<p>4.7 %</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=112>
<p>-10.9 %</font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td vAlign=bottom noWrap>
<p>Others</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=66>
<p>US$1,857</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=63>
<p>12.8 %</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=73>
<p>US$1,952</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=65>
<p>13.5 %</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=112>
<p>-4.9 %</font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td vAlign=top noWrap>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=66>
<p>&nbsp;</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=63>
<p>&nbsp;</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=73>
<p>&nbsp;</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=65>
<p>&nbsp;</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=112>
<p>&nbsp;</font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td vAlign=top noWrap>
<p>All Vendors</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=66>
<p>US$14,478</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=63>
<p>100.0 %</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=73>
<p>US$14,512</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=65>
<p>100.0 %</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top noWrap width=112>
<p>-0.2 %</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><font class=Footnote>IDC Worldwide Quarterly Server Tracker, February 2006</font></p>
<p><font class=Heading>Full Year 2005 Worldwide Server Systems Factory Revenue, (Revenues in US Millions) </font></p>
<table cellPadding=0 border=1>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td vAlign=top width=175>
<p>Vendor</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=78>
<p>2005<br />Revenue</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=72>
<p>Market<br />Share</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=82>
<p>2004<br />Revenue</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=59>
<p>Market<br />Share</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=92>
<p>Growth 2005/2004</font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td vAlign=top width=175>
<p>&nbsp;</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=78>
<p>&nbsp;</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=72>
<p>&nbsp;</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=82>
<p>&nbsp;</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=59>
<p>&nbsp;</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=92>
<p>&nbsp;</font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td vAlign=bottom width=175>
<p>IBM</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=78>
<p>US$16,889</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=72>
<p>32.9 %</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=82>
<p>US$16,316</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=59>
<p>33.2 %</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=92>
<p>3.5 %</font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td vAlign=bottom width=175>
<p>Hewlett-Packard</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=78>
<p>US$14,183</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=72>
<p>27.7 %</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=82>
<p>US$13,028</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=59>
<p>26.5 %</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=92>
<p>8.9 %</font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td vAlign=bottom width=175>
<p>Dell</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=78>
<p>US$5,258</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=72>
<p>10.3 %</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=82>
<p>US$4,642</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=59>
<p>9.4 %</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=92>
<p>13.3 %</font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td vAlign=bottom width=175>
<p>Sun Microsystems</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=78>
<p>US$4,879</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=72>
<p>9.5 %</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=82>
<p>US$5,129</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=59>
<p>10.4 %</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=92>
<p>-4.9 %</font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td vAlign=bottom width=175>
<p>Fujitsu/Fujitsu Siemens</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=78>
<p>US$2,901</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=72>
<p>5.7 %</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=82>
<p>US$2,888</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=59>
<p>5.9 %</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=92>
<p>0.4 %</font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td vAlign=bottom width=175>
<p>Others</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=78>
<p>US$7,178</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=72>
<p>14.0 %</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=82>
<p>US$7,135</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=59>
<p>14.5 %</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=92>
<p>0.6 %</font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td vAlign=bottom width=175>
<p>&nbsp;</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=78>
<p>&nbsp;</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=72>
<p>&nbsp;</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=82>
<p>&nbsp;</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=59>
<p>&nbsp;</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=92>
<p>&nbsp;</font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td vAlign=bottom width=175>
<p>All Vendors</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=78>
<p>US$51,288</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=72>
<p>100 %</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=82>
<p>US$49,138</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=59>
<p>100 %</font></p>
</td>
<td vAlign=top width=92>
<p>4.4 %</font></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><font class=Footnote></p>
<p>IDC Worldwide Quarterly Server Tracker, February 2006</p>
<p></font></p>
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